CONTENTS 3
1.LIVING THINGS 3
2.THE CHARACTERISTICS OF LIVING THINGS 4
3.TISSUES,ORGANS,AND SYSTEMS(Ⅰ) 7
4.TISSUES,ORGANS,AND SYSTEMS(Ⅱ) 11
5.METABOLISM OF GREEN PLANTS 16
6.METABOLISM OF COLORLESS PLANTS 20
7.METABOLISM OF ANIMALS 24
8 PROTOPLASM 28
9.PHYSICAL CHARACTERISTICS OF PROTOPLASM(Ⅰ) 31
10.PHYSICAL CHARACTERISTICS OF PROTOPLASM(Ⅱ) 35
11.CELLS(Ⅰ) 37
12.CELLS(Ⅱ) 41
13.CELLS(Ⅲ) 44
14.IRRITABILITY OF UNICELLULAR ORGANISMS 47
15.IRRITABILITY OF MULTICELLULAR PLANTS 50
16.BOTANY AND ZOOLOGY 54
17.THE ROOT AND ITS FUNCTIONS 60
18.THE STEM AND ITS FUNCTIONS(Ⅰ) 65
19.THE STEM AND ITS FUNCTIONS(Ⅱ) 69
20.THE LEAF AND ITS FUNCTIONS 73
21.REPRODUCTION IN PLANTS(Ⅰ) 78
22.REPRODUCTION IN PLANTS(Ⅱ) 82
23.REPRODUCTION IN ANIMALS(Ⅰ) 87
24.REPRODUCTION IN ANIMALS(Ⅱ) 92
25.SURVEY OF THE PLANT KINGDOM(Ⅰ) 94
26.SURVEY OF THE PLANT KINGDOM(Ⅱ) 99
27.SURVEY OF THE ANIMAL KINGDOM:INVERTEBRATES(Ⅰ) 104
28.SURVEY OF THE ANIMAL KINGDOM:INVERTEBRATES(Ⅱ) 110
29.SURVEY OF THE ANIMAL KINGDOM:VERTEBRATES(Ⅰ) 115
30.SURVEY OF THE ANIMAL KINGDOM:VERTEBRATES(Ⅱ) 122
VOCABULARY 129