INTRODUCTION 3
CHAPTER Ⅰ：History，Men，and Time 20
1．The Choice of the Historian 20
2．History and Men 22
3．Historical Time 27
4．The Idol of Origins 29
5．The Boundaries between Past and Present 35
6．Understanding the Present by the Past 39
7．Understanding the Past by the Present 43
CHAPTER Ⅱ：Historical Observation 48
1．General Characteristics of Historical Observation 48
2．Evidence 60
3．The Transmission of Evidence 69
CHAPTER Ⅲ：Historical Criticism 79
1．An Outline of the History of the Critical Method 79
2．In Pursuit of Fraud and Error 90
3．Toward a Logic of the Critical Method 110
CHAPTER Ⅳ：Historical Analysis 138
1．Judging or Understanding？ 138
2．From the Diversity of Human Functions to the Unity of Consciences 144
3．Nomenclature 156
CHAPTER Ⅴ：Historical Causation 190