LIST OF PLATES 7
LIST OF TEXT FIGURES 9
AUTHOR＇S PREFACE TO THE PENGUIN ENGLISH EDITION 11
TRANSLATOR＇S FOREWORD 15
ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS 32
NOTE ON THE TRANSLITERATION OF PROPER NAMES 33
PREFACE 35
1．Introduction 37
2．The Most Ancient Past，the Palaeolithic and Mesolithic Periods 75
3．The Neolithic and Copper Ages 102
4．The Bronze Age 127
5．The Early Iron Age 152
6．Classical Cities on the North Coast of the Black Sea 179
7．Ancient and Medieval States of the Caucasus 207
8．Ancient and Medieval States of Central Asia and Siberia 233
9．The East Slavs and Their Neighbours 263
10．Medieval Russian Towns 283
CONCLUSION 308
BOOKS FOR FURTHER READING 310
INDEX 314