The Land and the People 1
THE LAND 1
FACTORS AFFECTING AGRICULTURE 4
THE PEOPLE AND WHERE THEY CAME FROM：THE PYGMIES 6
THE PEOPLE AND WHERE THEY CAME FROM：THE INDONESIANS 7
THE PEOPLE AND WHERE THEY CAME FROM：THE MALAYS 8
CHARACTER OF THE PEOPLE 14
PART ONE The Commercial Revolution Leads to Our First Contact with Europe-The Filipinos of Pre-Spanish Times and the Impact of Spanish Civilization upon Them 17
Foreword 17
CHAPTER Ⅰ Events and Movements Leading to Filipino-Spanish Re-lations 18
DISCOVERY 18
SETTLEMENT 28
CHAPTER Ⅱ Agriculture and Landholding 38
CROPS AND METHODS OF CULTIVATION 38
SPAIN＇S AGRICULTURAL POLICY 41
LIVESTOCK AND POULTRY 44
LANDHOLDING 45
CHAPTER Ⅲ Industries 48
SHIPBUILDING 48
FISHING AND FISH CULTURE 53
MINING AND METAL WORK 55
TEXTILE INDUSTRIES 58
MISCELLANEOUS INDUSTRIES 59
FILIPINO CULTURE AS SHOWN IN INDUSTRIES 60
CHAPTER Ⅳ Commerce 66
PRE-SPANISH TRADE RELATIONS 66
DOMESTIC TRADE AFTER THE SPANISH CONQUEST 69
SPANISH COMMERCE WITH THE ORIENT 72
CHAPTER Ⅴ Government and Religion 80
GOVERNMENT 80
RELIGION 89
CHAPTER Ⅵ Culture，Social Life，and Political Strife 98
CULTURE 98
CONSTRUCTION AND ARCHITECTURE 100
SOCIAL LIFE 103
POLITICAL CONFLICTS 107
CHAPTER Ⅶ Population and Systems of Labor 118
POPULATION 118
SYSTEMS OF LABOR 124
PART TWO The Period of Restrictions under Span-ish Rule(1600-1815) 135
Foreword 135
CHAPTER Ⅷ Philippine Commerce and Spanish Mercantile Policy 136
CHAPTER Ⅸ The Growth and Social Progress of the Filipino People 153
POPULATION 153
IMMIGRATION AND ITS PROBLEMS 157
EDUCATIONAL AND SOCIAL PROGRESS 165
CHAPTER Ⅹ Filipino Labor and Military Service 175
FILIPINOS IN INDUSTRY，ARTS，AND AGRICULTURE 175
FILIPINOS IN MILITARY SERVICE 178
CHAPTER Ⅺ Conflicts with Outside Forces during the Seventeenth and Eighteenth Centuries 187
CONFLICTS WITH THE DUTCH 187
CONFLICTS WITH THE MOROS 191
CONFLICT BETWEEN THE BRITISH AND THE SPANIARDS 197
CHAPTER Ⅻ Internal Conflicts during the Seventeenth and Eighteenth Centuries 200
CONFLICTS BETWEEN FILIPINOS AND SPANIARDS 200
REVOLTS AFTER THE BRITISH OCCUPATION 208
CONFLICTS BETWEEN THE GOVERNMENT AND THE CHURCH 210
CONFLICTS BETWEEN THE SECULAR AND THE REGULAR CLERGY 218
PART THREE The Movement to Achieve Commer-cial Liberty and Political Reforms(1781-1898) 225
Foreword 225
CHAPTER ⅩⅢ The Spanish Abandon the Policy of Isolation 226
NEW ECONOMIC TENDENCIES TOWARD THE END OF THE EIGHTEENTH CENTURY 226
PERIOD OF COMMERCIAL LIBERTY 231
CHAPTER ⅩⅣ The Filipinos Demand Political Reforms 248
CHAPTER ⅩⅤ The Revolution against Spain 270
THE FORMATION OF THE KATIPUNAN 270
THE CALL TO ARMS 274
THE RISE TO LEADERSHIP OF AGUINALDO 278
PART FOUR Preparation for Independence under American Leadership(1898-1935) 285
Foreword 285
CHAPTER ⅩⅥ The United States Takes Over the Philippines from Spain 286
EVENTS LEADING TO THE COMING OF AMERICA 286
THE FIRST PHILIPPINE REPUBLIC 290
REORGANIZATION OF THE GOVERNMENT UNDER AMERICAN SOVER-EIGNTY 297
CHAPTER ⅩⅦ Increasing Participation of Filipinos in the Government(1913-1935) 307
THE JONES LAW 307
GOVERNMENTAL REORGANIZATION 312
POLITICAL DEVELOPMENTS IN MINDANAO AND SULU 321
POLITICAL PROGRESS UNDER THE LAST AMERICAN GOVERNORS 324
THE SECOND INDEPENDENCE ACT 331
CHAPTER ⅩⅧ Social and Economic Progress during the American Regime 337
SOCIAL PROGRESS 337
RELIGIOUS DEVELOPMENTS 352
ECONOMIC PROGRESS 355
PART FIVE The Period of Partial Independence under the Commonwealth(1935-1946) 369
Foreword 369
Chapter ⅩⅨ We Assume Responsibility for Our Internal Government 370
THE ESTABLISHMENT OF THE COMMONWEALTH 370
POLITICAL PROBLEMS 372
PROBLEMS OF ECONOMIC READJUSTMENT 373
SOCIAL PROBLEMS 377
DEFENSE PROBLEMS 378
CHAPTER ⅩⅩ The Commonwealth Prepares for Independence 380
GOVERNMENT MACHINERY IS STRENGTHENED 380
A DEFENSE FORCE IS CREATED 385
THE NATIONAL ECONOMY IS STRENGTHENED 386
SOCIAL AND CULTURAL ADVANCE ACCELERATED 394
CHAPTER ⅩⅪ The Second World War and the Japanese Occupation 404
THE APPROACH OF WAR 404
WAR BREAKS UPON THE PHILIPPINES 408
THE EPIC OF BATAAN AND CORREGIDOR 412
JAPANESE MILITARY GOVERNMENT 417
ECONOMIC POLICY DURING THE JAPANESE OCCUPATION 424
SOCIAL AND CULTURAL ASPECTS OF THE OCCUPATION 428
REVOLT AGAINST JAPAN—GUERRILLA ACTIVITIES 432
OUR GOVERNMENT-IN-EXILE IN WASHINGTON 438
CHAPTER ⅩⅫ Liberation(1944-1946) 444
GLOBAL WAR 444
LIBERATION OF THE PHILIPPINES 447
THE COMMONWEALTH GOVERNMENT RE-ESTABLISHED 456
ECONOMIC REHABILITATION 459
SOCIAL REHABILITATION 464
FIRST POST-WAR ELECTION 466
PART SIX The Republic of the Philippines Takes Its Place among Sovereign Nations(1946 to the Present) 471
Foreword 471
CHAPTER ⅩⅫⅠ A Newly Independent Philippines Emerges from the Ruins of War 472
THE NEW GOVERNMENT COMMENCES UNDER DIFFICULTIES 472
RECIPROCAL ARRANGEMENTS WITH THE UNITED STATES 476
ECONOMIC PROGRAM OF PRESIDENT ROXAS 482
SOCIAL REHABILITATION 486
THE PRESIDENCY CHANGES HANDS 490
CHAPTER ⅩⅪⅤ The Philippines as a Member of the United Nations 502
OUR ROLE IN THE UNITED NATIONS 502
INTERNATIONAL RELATIONS 507
EPILOGUE A People with Vision 520
APPENDIX 521
INDEX 521