CHAPTER Ⅰ INTRODUCTION 1
The Foundations of Psychiatry 1
Diagnosis 6
The Field of Psychiatry 8
Psychiatry and Medicine 9
Psychiatry and Sociology 9
Psychiatry and Psychology 10
Contemporary Schools of Psychiatry 12
Kraepelin＇s System and its Influence 12
Wernicke and the Cerebral Localizers 14
Psychobiology 15
Psychoanalysis 16
The Multidimensional Approach 24
CHAPTER Ⅱ EXAMINATION OF THE PSYCHIATRIC PATIENT 31
Introductory 31
History 35
Mental State 37
Scheme for Case-Taking 39
History 39
Mental State 41
Examination of Non-co-operative or Stuporose Patients 43
Schema for the Examination of Organic Cases 45
CHAPTER Ⅲ MENTAL DEFICIENCY 53
Definitions and Classifications 53
Incidence 55
Aetiology and Pathology 55
Genetical Aspects of Mental Defect 55
Aetiology and Pathology other than Genetical 64
Clinical Features 68
Early Diagnosis 68
Disorders of Development 69
The Feeble-Minded (Moron) 71
The Low-Grade Mental Defective (Imbecility) 75
Idiocy 77
Special Forms of Mental Deficiency 78
Other Forms of Mental Defect with a Definite Pathology 81
Diagnosis and Differential Diagnosis 84
Prognosis 86
Treatment 87
Prevention 87
Treatment and Training 89
CHAPTER Ⅳ PSYCHOPATHIC PERSONALITY AND NEUROTIC REACTIONS 91
Historical Development of the Concept of Psychopathy 91
Modern Development of the Concept of Psychopathy 94
Aetiological Aspects of Constitution 98
Heredity 98
Somatic Factors 102
Psychological Factors 104
Pathological Factors 105
Special Forms of Reaction and of Personality 109
The Depressive Reaction 109
The Neurasthenic Reaction 114
The Anxiety Reaction 117
Hysteria 123
Anorexia Nervosa 138
Obsessional States 140
Irritability 150
Hypochondriasis 154
The Paranoid Reaction 157
The Unstable Drifter 164
The Cold and the Emotionally Callous 166
The Sexually Perverse 169
Psychological Treatment of Neurosis and Psychopathy 181
Group Therapy 184
CHAPTER Ⅴ AFFECTIVE DISORDERS 187
Definition 187
Incidence and Aetiology 187
Basic Personality 190
Precipitation 191
Physical Constitution 191
Pathology and Psychopathology 193
Clinical Picture 196
Affective Constitutions 196
Affective Psychoses 197
Course and Prognosis 206
Diagnosis and Differential Diagnosis 208
Treatment 211
CHAPTER ⅥSCHIZOPHRENIA 218
Definition 218
Incidence 219
Aetiology and Pathology 219
(1) Heredity 219
(2) The Schizoid Constitution 221
(3) Endocrines 223
(4) Metabolism 224
(5) Central Nervous System 225
(6) Precipitation 226
Psychopathology 230
(1) Disturbance of Thinking 231
(2) Disturbance of Emotions 234
(3) Disturbances of Volition 235
(4) Catatonic Symptons 236
(5) Primary Delusions 237
(6) Hallucinations 238
Occurrence of Symptoms：General Qualities 240
Clinical Picture 242
(1) Simple Schizophrenia 242
(2) Hebephrenic Schizophrenia 244
(3) Catatonic Schizophrenia 248
(4) Paranoid Schizophrenia 252
(5) Atypical and Mixed Clinical Pictures 258
Outcome 262
Residual States，Deterioration，Death 262
Course and Prognosis 264
Pointers of Prognostic Significance 268
Diagnosis and Differential Diagnosis 270
Diagnostic Value of Symptoms 271
Differential Diagnosis 275
Treatment 277
(1) Prophylaxis 277
(2) Psychological and Social Treatment 280
(3) Physical Treatment 283
CHAPTER Ⅶ SYMPTOMATIC PSYCHOSES 291
Aetiology and Pathology 291
Clinical Picture 294
(1) General 294
(2) Special Clinical Features in Various Physical Conditions 298
Course and Prognosis 315
Diagnosis and Differential Diagnosis 315
Treatment 316
CHAPTER Ⅷ CHEMICAL INTOXICATIONS AND ADDICTIONS 318
Anoxaemia 318
Carbon Monoxide Poisoning 320
Chronic Carbon Monoxide Poisoning 322
Cyanide 323
Industrial Intoxications 323
Lead 323
Mercury 324
Manganese 324
Arsenic 324
Other Industrial Poisons 325
Alcohol and Alcoholism 325
Incidence 326
Aetiology and Pathology 329
Clinical Picture 331
The Diagnosis of States of Alcoholic Aetiology 342
Treatment 343
Ether 347
Sedative Drugs：Bromides and Barbiturates 347
Bromides 348
Barbiturates 349
Amphetamine 351
Morphine 352
Cannabis 356
Cocaine 359
Mescaline 361
CHAPTER Ⅸ THE EPILEPSIES 365
Definition 365
Physiological Basis 366
Incidence 369
Aetiology 369
Heredity 370
Associations 372
Clinical Manifestations 374
Major Epilepsy (Grand Mal) 374
Petit Mal 377
Mood Changes 378
Psychomotor Attacks，Automatisms，Twilight States and Fugues 379
Epileptic Psychoses 382
Personality Deterioration and Dementia 383
Differential Diagnosis 386
Treatment 388
CHAPTER Ⅹ MENTAL DISORDER IN TRAUMA，INFECTION AND TUMOUR OF THE BRAIN 392
Introductory 392
Psychological Changes Produced by Organic Brain Disease 393
Clouding of Consciousness 393
The Dysmnesic Syndrome 394
Dementia 394
The General Behaviour of the Patient with Organic Disease of the Brain 396
Injuries of the Brain 398
Aetiology and Pathology 398
Mental Symptoms in the Acute Stage 399
The Convalescent Stage 401
The Chronic Stage 402
Differential Diagnosis 409
Prognosis and Treatment 410
Meningitis 412
Acute Meningitis 412
Tuberculous Meningitis 412
Encephalitis 413
Sub-acute Encephalitis 414
Epidemic Encephalitis 415
Paralysis Agitans 418
Hepato-lenticular Degeneration (Wilson＇s Disease) 419
Syphilis of the Central Nervous System 419
Psychological Reactions to Infection 419
Mental Changes in the Primary and Secondary Stages 420
Meningo-vascular Syphilis 420
Parenchymatous Syphilis 422
Prognosis and Treatment of Neurosyphilis 427
Cerebral Tumour 429
Incidence 429
General Features 431
Focal Symptoms 432
Diagnosis 441
Aids to Diagnosis 443
Treatment 444
Cerebral Abscess 444
Disseminated Sclerosis 444
Diagnosis 446
Treatment 446
CHAPTER Ⅺ AGEING AND THE MENTAL DISEASES OF THE AGED 448
General Aspects 448
Dementia in Middle Age 455
The Significance of Presenile Dementia 455
Alzheimer＇s Disease 457
Pick＇s Disease 460
Jakob-Creutzfeldt＇s Disease 462
Huntington＇s Chorea 463
Presenile Dementia with Cerebellar Atrophy 467
Dementia due to Thalamic Degeneration 468
Kraepelin＇s Disease 468
Schilder＇s Disease 468
Marchiafava＇s Disease 468
Other Forms of Presenile Dementia 468
Investigation and Differential Diagnosis of Dementia in Middle Age 470
Mental Disease in Old Age 473
Introduction 473
The Natural History of the Five Main Groups of Old-Age Mental Disorder 475
Affective Psychosis 478
Senile Psychosis 482
Psychoses due to Cerebrovascular Disease 485
Aetiological Aspects 485
Morbid Anatomy 489
Clinical Picture 490
Diagnosis 494
Treatment 494
Cerebral Thromboangiitis Obliterans 496
Other Cerebrovascular Syndromes 498
Delirious States 498
Late Paraphrenia 501
Suicide in Old Age 502
General Management of Old Patients 504
CHAPTER Ⅻ CHILD PSYCHIATRY 507
Introductory 507
Incidence：Child Psychiatric Services 509
Psychiatric Examination of the Child 510
Mental Deficiency 511
Psychoneurotic Reactions and Psychopathic Personalities 512
The Parent-Child Relationship 513
Single Psychopathic Symptoms 514
Depressive and Neurasthenic Reactions 530
Fear Reactions and Anxiety 530
Hysteria 531
Irritability 533
Obsessional-Compulsive States 534
Affective Psychoses 535
Schizophrenia 536
Symptomatic Psychoses and Psychological Reactions to Physical Illness 538
Epilepsy and Other Organic Conditions 540
Epilepsy 540
Encephalitis 542
Early Dementias 542
Focal Symptoms 543
CHAPTER ⅩⅢ ADMINISTRATIVE AND LEGAL PSYCHIATRY 545
Voluntary Treatment 545
Procedure Governing Commitment 548
England and Wales 548
Scotland and Ireland 550
Scandinavian Countries 551
Switzerland，Germany and Austria 553
Other European Countries 554
United States of America 556
Considerations for Reform of Present Procedures 557
Mental Deficiency 559
Boarding-out and Guardianship 560
The Organization and Administration of Psychiatric Services 562
The Mental Patient in Civil Law 563
Marriage and Divorce 564
Sterilization 565
Criminal Responsibility 567
England 567
Scotland 571
United States of America 572
Scandinavian Countries 574
Other European Countries 576
Possible Improvement of the British System 577