GENERAL ANATOMY AND METHODS 1
(1)INTRODUCTION 1
(2)INDIVIDUAL VARIATION 1
(3)LANDMARKS 7
(4)THE SKIN 8
(5)CUTANEOUS NERVES 12
(6)ACTIONS OF MUSCLES 14
(7)PHYSICAL SIGNS 22
(8)X-RAYS 23
THE UPPER LIMB 37
SHOULDER AND ARM 37
(1)SURFACE CONTOURS 37
(2)LANDMARKS ON THORACIC SKELETON 41
(3)SKELETON OF THE SHOULDER REGION 41
(4)SUPERFICIAL MUSCLES 45
(5)MOVEMENTS 50
(6)RADIOLOGY 54
ELBOW，FOREARM AND HAND 60
(1)SURFACE CONTOURS 60
(2)SKELETAL LANDMARKS 62
(3)MUSCLES 65
(4)SYNOVIAL SHEATHS AND FASCIAL SPACES OF THE WRIST AND HAND 73
(5)MOVEMENTS 75
(6)RADIOLOGY 77
VESSELS AND NERVES 90
(1)ARTERIES 90
(2)SUPERFICIAL VEINS 93
(3)LYMPH VESSELS 93
(4)NERVES 94
THE CHEST AND BACK 99
THORACIC WALL 99
(1)SURFACE CONTOURS 99
(2)SURFACE LANDMARKS 102
(3)SUPERFICIAL MUSCLES 105
(4)SUPERFICIAL VESSELS AND NERVES 105
(5)MOVEMENTS OF THE CHEST WALL 108
THORACIC CONTENTS 110
(1)THE DIAPHRAGM 110
(2)SURFACE RELATIONS OF PRINCIPAL THORACIC CONTENTS 113
PHYSICAL EXAMINATION OF THE THORAX 124
(1)INSPECTION AND PALPATION 124
(2)PERCUSSION OF THE LUNG AND HEART AREAS 124
(3)AUSCULTATION 126
(4)RADIOLOGICAL EXAMINATION 127
(5)BRONCHOSCOPY 156
GREAT VESSELS 156
OESOPHAGUS 159
(1)RADIOLOGY 159
(2)OESOPHAGOSCOPY 159
ABDOMEN 160
ABDOMINAL WALL 160
(1)SURFACE CONTOURS 160
(2)SURFACE LANDMARKS 161
(3)ABDOMINAL PLANES 163
(4)RELATIVE LEVELS OF LANDMARKS ON THE FRONT AND BACK OF THE BODY 166
(5)STRUCTURE OF THE ANTERIOR ABDOMINAL WALL 167
(6)SUPERFICIAL VESSELS AND NERVES 171
PHYSICAL EXAMINATION OF THE ABDOMEN 173
(1)INSPECTION 173
(2)PALPATION 173
(3)PERCUSSION 173
(4)RADIOLOGICAL EXAMINATION 174
ABDOMINAL CONTENTS 175
(1)STOMACH 178
(2)DUODENUM 188
(3)JEJUNUM AND ILEUM 189
(4)LARGE INTESTINE 191
(5)LIVER AND GALL BLADDER 199
(6)SPLEEN 201
(7)PANCREAS 202
(8)KIDNEYS 203
(9)URETER 204
(10)BLADDER 206
(11)FEMALE PELVIS 207
PERINEUM 211
DEEP BLOOD-VESSELS OF THE ABDOMEN 215
HEAD AND NECK 216
GENERAL FEATURES 216
(1)SURFACE CONTOURS 216
(2)SURFACE LANDMARKS 217
(3)CRANIAL SUTURES 221
(4)GROWTH CHANGES 221
THE NECK 223
(1)SUPERFICIAL MUSCLES 223
(2)MOVEMENTS 227
SPECIAL ORGANS AND REGIONS 227
(1)THYROID GLAND 227
(2)OESOPHAGUS 228
(3)PAROTID GLAND 228
(4)THE EYES AND EYELIDS 229
(5)THE EAR 232
(6)NASAL CAVITIES 233
(7)THE MOUTH 235
(8)PHARYNX 240
(9)LARYNX 241
VESSELS AND NERVES 242
THE BRAIN AND ITS ASSOCIATED VESSELS 251
(1)CEREBRAL SULCI 252
(2)CORTICAL AREAS 253
(3)VESSELS 253
RADIOLOGY 254
(1)NECK 254
(2)SKULL 257
(3)RADIOLOGY OF THE TEETH 275
(4)VENTRICLES OF THE BRAIN 275
(5)CEREBRAL ANGIOGRAPHY 278
THE VERTEBRAL COLUMN 283
(1)CURVES 283
(2)MUSCLES 284
(3)MOVEMENTS 285
(4)RADIOLOGY 287
(5)THE SUBARACHNOID SPACE AND SPINAL CORD 292
THE LOWER LIMB 294
BUTTOCK AND THIGH 294
(1)SURFACE CONTOURS 294
(2)SKELETAL LANDMARKS 298
(3)SUPERFICIAL MUSCLES 299
(4)MOVEMENTS AT THE HIP JOINT 302
(5)RADIOLOGY OF THE HIP REGION 304
REGION OF THE KNEE 308
(1)SURFACE CONTOURS 308
(2)SKELETAL LANDMARKS 310
(3)SUPERFICIAL MUSCLES AND TENDONS 312
(4)MOVEMENTS AT THE KNEE JOINT 313
(5)RADIOLOGY 315
LEG AND FOOT 317
(1)SURFACE CONTOURS 317
(2)SKELETAL LANDMARKS 318
(3)SUPERFICIAL MUSCLES 320
(4)MOVEMENTS OF THE FOOT 322
(5)RADIOLOGY 324
VESSELS AND NERVES 329