FOREWORD 9
A．THE PHYSIOCRATS AND SOME OF THEIR PREDECESSORS AND CONTEMPORARIES 13
1．SIR WILLIAM PETTY 15
2．CHARLES D＇AVENANT 24
3．SIR DUDLEY NORTH AND JOHN LOCKE 26
4．DAVID HUME AND JOHN MASSIE 34
5．SIR JAMES STEUART 40
6．THE GENERAL CHARACTER OF THE PHYSIOCRATIC SYSTEM 44
7．TURGOT 58
8．THE REPRODUCTION AND CIRCULATION OF THE TOTAL SOCIAL CAPITAL ACCORDING TO QUESNAY＇S TABLEAU ECONOMIQUE 67
APPENDIX TO THE TABLEAU ECONOMIQUE 73
(1)The First Two Circulation Movements of the Tableau 73
(2)The Circulation between Landowner and Farmer 74
(3)The Final Movements of Circulation 78
(4)The Circulation between Capitalist and Worker 81
(5)The Quantity of Money required for Circulation 87
(6)Explanation of the Profit on Capital on the Ground that the Worker＇s Wage is advanced before the Commodity is sold 97
B．ADAM SMITH AND THE CONCEPT OF PRODUCTIVE LABOUR 105
1．HIS DETERMINATION OF VALUE BY LABOUR 107
2．THE ORIGIN OF SURPLUS VALUE 117
(a)Profit 117
(b)Land Rent 121
(c)Interest on Capital 122
(d)Taxes 124
(e)Adam Smith＇s Advance beyond the Physiocrats 124
(f)The Exchange of More Labour for Less Labour 126
(g)Confusion of Surplus Value with Profit 129
3．CAPITAL AND LANDED PROPERTY AS SOURCES OF VALUE 134
4．THE ANALYSIS OF PRICE INTO WAGES，PROFIT AND RENT 140
5．PRODUCTIVE AND UNPRODUCTIVE LABOUR 148
(a)Definition of Productive Labour as Labour which produces Capital 148
(b)Definition of Productive Labour as Labour which produces Commodities 154
(c)The Polemic against Adam Smith＇s Definition 175
(d)Appendix：The Concept of Productive Labour 177
C．DAVID RICARDO 199
Ⅰ．Surplus Value and Profit 201
1．THE STRUCTURE OF RICARDO＇S WORK 201
2．RICARDO＇S THEORY OF PROFIT 208
(a)Ricardo＇s Conception of Value 208
(b)Ricardo＇s Conception of Profit，Rate of Profit，Prices of Production，etc 211
(c)Prices of Production and Market Prices 245
(i)Ricardo＇s Views 245
(ii)Adam Smith＇s Views 260
3．RICARDO＇S CONCEPTION OF SURPLUS VALUE 283
(a)Surplus Value and Profit 283
(b)Quantity of Labour and Value of Labour 295
(c)Value of Labour Power and Value of Labour 301
(d)Surplus Value 305
(e)Relative Surplus Value 318
4．THE RATE OF PROFIT 329
(a)Amount of Profit and Rate of Profit 329
(b)Formation of the General Rate of Profit 336
Ⅱ．Accumulation of Capital and Crises 343
1．SIMPLE REPRODUCTION 343
2．TRANSFORMATION OF REVENUE INTO CAPITAL 351
3．TRANSFORMATION OF ACCUMULATED SURPLUS VALUE INTO VARIABLE AND CONSTANT CAPITAL 361
4．CRISES 368
(a)Causes of Crises 368
(b)Overproduction of Commodities and Overabundance of Capital 373
(c)Unity of Purchase and Sale，of the Process of Production and the Process of Circulation 376
(d)General and Partial Overproduction 391
(e)Expansion of Production and Expansion of the Market 402
5．ACCUMULATION AND CONSUMPTION 415
INDEX 429