1．GENERAL 1
2．EQUIVALENTS OF ACIDS 2
3．EQUIVALENTS OF BASES AND CARBONATES 4
4．STANDARD，NORMAL AND MOLAR SOLUTIONS 6
Worked Examples 9
5．INDICATORS 11
6．PREPARATION OF A STANDARD SOLUTION 12
Expt．1．To prepare a standard solution of sodium carbonate，approximately N/10 or M/20 13
Expt．2．To prepare approximately N/10 or M/10 hydrochloric acid and to standardise it 16
Worked Examples 22
Expt．3．To prepare approximately N/10 or M/10 sodium hydroxide and to standardise it 25
Expt．4．To prepare N/10 or M/20 oxalic acid and to standardise sodium hydroxide 27
Expt．5．To determine the equivalent of an acid 30
Expt．6．To determine the solubility of calcium hydroxide 31
Expt．7．To determine the number of molecules of water of crystallisation in washing soda crystals 32
Expts．8-12．Miscellaneous experiments 34
7．BACK TITRATIONS 40
Expt．13．To determine the equivalent of an insoluble carbonate 41
Expt．14．To determine the equivalent of an insoluble oxide 43
Expt．15．To determine the equivalent of a metal 43
Expt．16．To determine the percentage of ammonia in an ammonium salt 43
Expts．17-18．Miscellaneous experiments 45
PROBLEMS 48
ATOMIC WEIGHTS 51
LOGARITHM TABLES 52
ANSWERS TO PROBLEMS 56