BOOK ONE The Mingling of the Races．From the Earliest Times to the Norman Conquest 13
INTRODUCTION 13
CHAPTER ONE The island and its early invaders．Geography governs history．Iberian civilization．Tracks and trade routes．Downland and fenland centres．The Celtic conquest and civilization 14
CHAPTER TWO Julius Caesar．Celtic and Roman London．The Claudian Conquest．The North-west frontier and the Roman Wall．Limits of Latinization in Roman Britain．Villas and cities．Religion 29
CHAPTER THREE Beginning of the Nordic invasions. Anglo-Saxons and Jutes. Character and methods of the invaders. Weakness of late Roman Britain. Chaos and reconstruction. Slower conquest of the West. Questions of Celtic survival. Roman roads. Welsh Christianity 47
CHAPTER FOUR Mediterranean influence again．Return of Christianity．Nordic paganism．St．Patrick and St．Columba．Augustine and Theodore of Tarsus．Northumbria and Mercia．Church and State．Mediterranean and Nordic ideals 72
CHAPTER FIVE The Second Nordic invasion．Weakness of Saxon England．The Vikings at home and overseas．Alfred and Guthrum．The Danelaw and its conquest by Wessex．Anglo-Danish law,town life and civilization 99
CHAPTER SIX Life in later Saxon England．Pioneers in the forest．Thegn and serf．The Earldoms．Feudal justice encroaching．Second coming of the Vikings．The Danegeld．Canute＇s maritime Empire 120
CHAPTER SEVEN The Norman Conquest up to Hastings,1042-66．Normandy and Norman institutions．Edward the Confessor and Godwin．William and Harold．Tactics at Hastings 141
CHAPTER EIGHT The Norman Kings．Submission and rebellions of the English．The harrying of the North．The new feudalism and the new monarchy．The King＇s Curia．Domesday．Forest law．Anglo-Norman Church and State．The English language 161
BOOK TWO The Making of the Nation．From the Conquest to the Reformation 182
INTRODUCTION 182
CHAPTER ONE The Anarchy under Stephen and the Restoration of Royal Power．Henry of Anjou．Knights and villeins at the Manor．The Manor Court and the methods of open-field agriculture 189
CHAPTER TWO Henry II continued．The Cistercians and sheep-farming．Becket．Benefit of clergy．The King＇s Courts．Common Law．The Jury 207
CHAPTER THREE The Crusades．Richard I．Hubert Walter and the Middle Classes．Coroners and Mayors．Constitutionalism grows out of feudalism．John and Magna Carta．Henry III and Simon de Montfort 218
CHAPTER FOUR The corporate sense of the Middle Ages．The Universities．The Friars．The Jews．Edward I,the Common Law and Lawyers．Parliament under the Edwards．The House of Commons．Reign of Edward II．Justices of the Peace 239
CHAPTER FIVE Celt and Saxon．Attempts to complete the island Empire．Causes of failure in the Middle Ages．Ireland．Wales．Scotland．Different character of the three stories．The Llewelyns,Wallace and Bruce 267
CHAPTER SIX The Hundred Years＇ War．Its causes and effects．The birth of nationalism．Archery and Yeomanry．French and English tactics and their social origins．English language and Patriotic feeling 294
CHAPTER SEVEN The Black Death．The emancipation of the villeins and the fluidity of labour．The rising of 1381 and after．The Church and the laity．Nation,Pope and King．Wycliffe and Lollardry 311
CHAPTER EIGHT Parliamentary development from Edward III to Henry VI．Formal importance and real weakness of the Commons House．Aristocratic Anarchy．Some aspects of English life in the later Middle Ages．Wars of the Ross．The Yorkist Kings 330
INDEX 351
1 Iberian Britain 22
2 The Roman Empire 40
3 Mediaeval Christendom 41
4 England of the Heptarchy 64
5 Scotland and Northumbria in the Dark Ages 83
6 Viking routes 106
7 England,Scotland and Ireland,time of the Viking invasions 109
8 England in Earldoms:Eve of the Norman Conquest 152
9 The Angevin Empire 194
10 Cowstead:an imaginary English village under the Manorial system 205
11 Ireland towards the close of the Middle Ages 274
12 Mediaeval Wales 278
13 Mediaeval Scotland and North England 285
14 France:First part of the Hundred Years＇ War．Height of Edward III＇s power 298
15 France:Second part of the Hundred Years＇ War．Height of Henry VI＇s power 306
16 England in the Fifteenth Century 340
GENEALOGICAL TREES 155
Claimants for the throne,1066 155
William the Conqueror＇s descendants:the Angevin claim 189