第一章 如何用词(How to Choose and Use Words) 1
一、如何正确用词(How To Use Words Correctly) 1
1.克服中国式英语(Overcome Chinglish) 1
2.避免词性的误用(Avoid Wrong Part of Speech) 5
二、如何准确地用词(How To Use Words Accurately) 6
1.一般词汇与具体词汇(General and Specific words) 7
2.具体词汇与抽象词汇(Concrete and abstract words) 9
3.词的涵义(connotation of words) 9
三、如何恰当用词(How To Use Words Appropriately) 14
1.正式的词(Literary words) 15
2.一般的词(common words) 15
3.口语词(colloquial words) 16
四、如何有效、地道地用词(How To Use Words Effectively and Idiomatically) 18
1.尽可能地使用动词(Use verbs whenever possible) 18
2.习语(idioms) 18
第二章 如何写出好的句子(How To Write Good Sentences) 23
一、英语中有哪些句子类型(Types of Sentences) 23
1.陈述句(Declarative sentences)、疑问句(Interrogative sentences)、祈使句(Imperative sentences)和感叹句(Exclamatory sentences) 23
2.简单句(Simple sentences)、并列句(Compound sentences)、复合句(Complex sentences)和并列复合句(Compound-complex sentences) 23
3.松散句(Loose sentences)、圆周句(Periodic sentences)和对偶句(Balanced sentences) 24
4.长句(Long sentences)和短句(Short sentences) 26
5.完整句(Complete sentences)和不完整句(Incomplete sentences) 27
二、如何写出好的句子(How to Write Good Sentences) 31
1.完整(Unity) 31
2.连贯(Coherence) 31
3.简洁(Conciseness) 35
4.强调(Emphasis) 37
5.多样(Variety) 43
第三章 如何写出好的段落(How to Write a Good Paragraph) 47
一、什么是好的段落(a Good Paragraph) 47
1.完整(Unity) 47
2.连贯(Coherence) 51
二、段落的展开法有哪些(Ways of Developing Paragraphs) 60
1.按时间展开(Development by Time) 60
2.按过程展开(Development by Process) 65
3.按空间展开(Development by Space) 67
4.举例和归纳(Development by Example or Generalization) 69
5.比较和对比(Development by Comparison and Contrast) 74
6.原因和结果(Development by Cause and Effect) 80
7.分类(Development by Classification) 84
8.定义(Development by Definition) 88
9.几种方法的结合(Development by a Combination of Methods) 91
第四章 如何写出一篇好文章(How to Write a Good Essay) 93
一、描写文(Description) 96
1.描写人(Description of a Person) 96
2.描写物品(Description of an Object) 99
3.描写地方(Description of a Place) 101
4.描写情景(Description of a Scene) 103
二、记叙文(Narration) 106
1.场合(Context) 106
2.细节的选择(Selection of Details) 106
3.组织结构(Organization) 107
4.叙述角度(Point of Vview) 107
5.目的(Purpose) 107
三、说明文(Exposition) 112
1.什么是说明文(What is Exposition Essay) 112
2.说明文的方法有哪些(What are the Ways of Developing an Exposition Essay) 114
四、议论文(Argumentation) 138
1.什么是议论文(What is an Argumentation Essay)? 138
第五章 如何使你的文章生动、形象、优美……(How to make your essay vivid,visual,beautiful…) 147
一、明喻(Simile) 147
二、隐喻(又名暗喻)(Metaphor) 149
三、借代(换喻,转喻)(Metonymy) 150
四、提喻(Synecdoche) 152
五、拟人(Personification) 153
六、婉言(Euphemism) 154
七、反语/反话/讽刺(Irony) 155
八、层进法(Climax)与渐降法(Anti-climax) 156
九、夸张(Hyperbole) 157
十、曲言法(Litotes) 159
十一、反义法/矛盾修饰法(Oxymoron) 160
十二、移位修饰(Transferred Epithet) 160
十三、头韵(Alliteration) 160
十四、双关(Pun) 163
十五、重复(Repetition) 163
第六章 如何写摘要和读书报告(How to Write a Summary and a Book Report) 173
一、如何写摘要(How to write a summary) 173
1.什么是摘要(What is a summary)? 173
二、如何写读书(How to Write a Book Report) 181
第七章 如何写一些应用文(How to Write Some Practical Essays) 183
一、如何写求职信(How to Write an Application Letter) 183
二、如何写履历表(C.V.) 186
三、如何写感谢信(Thank-you Letter) 190
四、如何写贺信(Letter of Congratulation) 192
五、如何写慰问信(Letter of Sympathy) 193
六、如何写介绍信(Letter of Introduction) 195
七、如何写推荐信(How to Write a Recommendation Letter) 197
八、如何写邀请信(How to Write an Invitation Letter) 200
答案 209
参考书目 213