1 Introduction 1
2 Life 4
3 Socratic Literature and the Socratic Problem 25
4 Plato's Socrates 45
5 Socrates and Later Philosophy 77
6 Conclusion 105
References 107
Further Reading 109
Index of Ancient Works Cited 113
General Index 119
第一章 绪论 125
第二章 生平 128
第三章 苏格拉底文献和苏格拉底问题 149
第四章 柏拉图笔下的苏格拉底 169
第五章 苏格拉底对后世哲学的影响 200
第六章 结论 230
1 Bust of Socrates-a Roman copy of an original made shortly after Socrates' death Courtesy of Hulton Getty 3
2 A comical representation of Socrates with his 'two wives' by the 17th-century Dutch painter Caesar Boethius van Everdingen(1606-78) Musée des Beaux-Arts,Strasbourg/photo AKG London 6
3 The Pnyx,the meeting-place of the Athenian assembly:a view from the Observatory Courtesy of the Alison Frantz Collection,American School of Classical Studies at Athens 11
4 Remains of the Royal Stoa or Stoa Basileios,the headquarters of the King Archon ?Janice Seigel 13
5 Small containers thought to have contained poison for executions Courtesy of the Agora Museum,Athens 15
6 The Death of Socrates.Crito Closing the Eyes of the Dead Socrates(1787-92)by Antonio Canova ?Mimmo Jodice/Corbis 17
7 A depiction of Alcibiades being reprimanded by Socrates(Italian school,C.1780). Courtesy of Charles Plante Fine Arts/Bridgeman Art Library 29
8 A detail from Raphael's The School of Athens(1508-11),which portrays the most famous thinkers of ancient Greece Courtesy of the Vatican Museums 79
9 Frontispiece drawn by Matthew Paris of St Albans(d.1259)for a fortune-telling tract,The Prognostics of Socrates the King Courtesy of the Bodleian Library,University of Oxford,MS Ashm.304,fol.31v(detail) 88
图1.苏格拉底半身像——雕刻于苏格拉底死后不久,这个半身像是罗马时代的复制品。 127
图2.苏格拉底与他的“两个妻子”——这是17世纪荷兰画家C.B.埃弗丁恩(1606-1678)带有喜剧风格的画作。 130
图3.半圆形公共会场——雅典公民大会的会场。这是从天文台上看到的远景。 134
图4.国王拱廊或者叫巴斯勒奥斯拱廊的废墟——这是负责宗教事务的执政官阿耳康国王的处所。 137
图5.被认为是装有用于处决犯人的毒药的小罐。 139
图6.苏格拉底之死——《克力同为已经死去的苏格拉底合上眼睛》,意大利雕塑家安东尼奥·卡诺瓦的作品(创作于1787至1792年间)。 141
图7.苏格拉底训斥阿尔西比德斯的场景(意大利画派作品,1780年) 152
图8.拉斐尔壁画《雅典学院》(创作于1508至1511年)的局部——该壁画描绘了古希腊那些最著名的思想家。 202
图9.圣奥尔本斯的修士马修·帕里斯(卒于1259年)为一本名为《先师苏格拉底的预言》的算命书所画的扉页插图。 212