Chapter One Introduction 1
1.1 Conversational Repair and Anaphoric Repair 1
1.1.1 Definition of conversational repair 1
1.1.2 Toward a definition of anaphoric repair 2
1.2 A Brief Literature Review 5
1.3 General Aims and Objectives 14
1.4 Methodology 18
1.5 Data Used for Analysis 20
1.6 Organization of the Present Study 22
Chapter Two Classifications of Anaphoric Repair 24
2.1 Introduction 24
2.2 A Functional Classification 26
2.2.1 Anaphoric repair for referential unclearness 27
2.2.2 Anaphoric repair for lexical understanding 29
2.2.3 Anaphoric repair for identity negotiation 32
2.2.4 Anaphoric repair for listening problem 36
2.2.5 Anaphoric repair for speaking error 38
2.3 Appropriateness-repair Versus Error-repair 40
2.4 A Formal Classification 42
2.4.1 Repair of a pronominal form 43
2.4.2 Repair of a non-pronominal form 43
2.5 Summary 44
Chapter Three Basic Patterns and Structural Preferences of Anaphoric Repair 45
3.1 Introduction 45
3.2 Basic Patterns and Structural Preferences of Conversational Repair 45
3.3 Four Patterns of Anaphoric Repair 54
3.3.1 Self-initiated self-repair 56
3.3.2 Other-initiated self-repair 70
3.3.3 Other-initiated other-repair 92
3.3.4 Self-initiated other-repair 113
3.4 Structural Preferences of Anaphoric Repair in Chinese Conversation 115
3.4.1 Distribution of the four basic patterns of anaphoric repair 115
3.4.2 Self-initiation versus other initiation 117
3.4.3 Self-repair versus other-repair 119
3.5 Summary 120
Chapter Four Initiation Types and Techniques in Anaphoric Repair 122
4.1 Introduction 122
4.2 Initiation Types 123
4.2.1 Specific information request 125
4.2.2 Non-specific request for repetition 130
4.2.3 Expression of lexical uncertainty 133
4.2.4 Candidate understanding 136
4.2.5 Clarification request 141
4.2.6 Objection 144
4.2.7 Preemptive initiation 146
4.2.8 Minimal dysfluency 150
4.2.9 Without explicit initiation marker 153
4.3 Initiation Techniques 154
4.3.1 Question particle or question word 156
4.3.2 Repeat of the trouble source 158
4.3.3 Repeat of the trouble source+question word 159
4.3.4 Question 160
4.3.5 Candidate alternative 163
4.3.6 Negative word or clause 166
4.3.7 Sound stretch,cut-off or non-lexical filler 167
4.3.8 Without separable initiator 168
4.3.9 The scale of initiation techniques 169
4.3.10 Practices of combining different techniques 171
4.4 Summary 176
Chapter Five Repair Strategies in Anaphoric Repair 177
5.1 Introduction 177
5.2 Repair Strategies 179
5.2.1 Replacement 179
5.2.2 Addition 185
5.2.3 Completion 188
5.2.4 Repetition 190
5.2.5 Rejection 192
5.2.6 Explanation 194
5.3 Repair Strategies Used in the Five Types of Anaphoric Repair 197
5.4 Summary 200
Chapter Six Referential Choice and Interpretation of Anaphoric Repair 201
6.1 Introduction 201
6.2 Referential Choice in Anaphoric Repair 202
6.2.1 Distribution of reparanda 204
6.2.2 Distribution of reparans for repairing reparanda 206
6.2.3 Referential choice in repairing non-pronominal reparanda 213
6.3 Interpretation of Anaphoric Repair in General 222
6.3.1 CP of anaphoric reference 223
6.3.2 A general procedure of anaphoric repair 226
6.4 A Pragmatic and Cognitive Account of Repairs of Pronominal Forms 251
6.4.1 A pragmatic perspective of repairs of pronominal forms 252
6.4.2 A cognitive perspective of anaphoric repair 266
6.4.3 A pragmatic and cognitive model of anaphoric repair 279
6.5 Summary 281
Chapter Seven Conclusion 283
7.1 Summary of Major Findings 283
7.2 Theoretical Implications 287
7.3 Limitations of This Study 289
7.4 Suggestions for Future Research 289
附录 中国现代戏剧 291
Bibliography 296