Part 1 The Systems Analyst 2
Chapter 1 The World of the Information Systems Analyst 2
Systems Analyst at Consolidated Refineries 3
Overview 4
The Analyst as a Business Problem Solver 4
Systems That Solve Business Problems 6
Required Skills of the Systems Analyst 10
The Environment Surrounding the Analyst 13
The Analyst’s Role in Strategic Planning 15
Rocky Mountain Outfitters and Its Strategic Information Systems Plan 17
The Analyst as a System Developer （the Heart of the Course） 26
Summary 29
Key Terms 29
Review Questions 30
Thinking Critically 30
Experiential Exercises 30
Case Studies 31
Further Resources 33
Chapter 2 Approaches to System Development 34
Development Approaches at Ajax Corporation, Consolidated 35
Concepts, and Pinnacle Manufacturing Overview 35
The Systems Development Life Cycle 36
Activities of Each SDLC Phase 43
Methodologies, Models, Tools, and Techniques 47
Two Approaches to System Development 51
Systems Development Life Cycle Variations 59
Current Trends in Development 61
Tools to Support System Development 63
Summary 68
Key Terms 68
Review Questions 69
Thinking Critically 69
Experiential Exercises 70
Case Studies 70
Further Resources 71
Chapter 3 The Analyst as a Project Manager 72
Blue Sky Family of Mutual Funds: Managing the IRA and 73
Educational Savings Plan Project Overview 74
Project Management 74
Project Initiation and Project Planning 81
Defining the Problem 84
Producing the Project Schedule 87
Confirming Project Feasibility 93
Staffing and Launching the Project 102
Recap of Project Planning for RMO 103
Summary 105
Key Terms 105
Review Questions 106
Thinking Critically 106
Experiential Exercises 107
Case Studies 107
Further Resources 108
PART 2 Systems Analysis Tasks 110
Chapter 4 Beginning the Analysis: Investigating System Requirements 110
Mountain States Motor Sports 111
Overview 112
The Analysis Phase in More Detail 113
Business Process Reengineering and the Zachman Framework 116
System Requirements 118
Stakeholders—The Source of System Requirements 120
Techniques for Information Gathering 124
Validating the Requirements 141
Summary 145
Key Terms 146
Review Questions 146
Thinking Critically 146
Experiential Exercises 147
Case Studies 148
Further Resources 149
Chapter 5 Modeling System Requirements 150
Waiters On Call Meal-Delivery System 151
Overview 152
Models and Modeling 152
Events, Activities, and Use Cases 158
“Things” in the Problem Domain 168
The Entity-Relationship Diagram 175
The Class Diagram 180
Where You Are Headed 190
Summary 191
Key Terms 191
Review Questions 192
Thinking Critically 192
Experiential Exercises 194
Case Studies 194
Further Resources 197
Chapter 6 The Traditional Approach to Requirements 198
San Diego Periodicals: Following the Data Flow 199
Overview 200
Traditional and Object-Oriented Views of Activities/Use Cases 201
Data Flow Diagrams 201
Documentation of DFD Components 217
Information Engineering Models 226
Locations and Communication through Networks 231
Summary 235
Key Terms 235
Review Questions 235
Thinking Critically 236
Experiential Exercises 236
Case Studies 237
Further Resources 239
Chapter 7 The Object-Oriented Approach to Requirements 240
Electronics Unlimited, Inc.: Integrating the Supply Chain 241
Overview 241
Object-Oriented Requirements 242
The System Activities—A Use Case/Scenario View 244
Identifying Inputs and Outputs—The System Sequence Diagram 258
Identifying Object Behavior—The State Machine Diagram 266
Integrating Object-Oriented Models 275
Summary 277
Key Terms 277
Review Questions 277
Thinking Critically 278
Experiential Exercises 281
Case Studies 282
Further Resources 285
Chapter 8 Evaluating Alternatives for Requirements,Environment, and Implementation 286
Tropic Fish Tales: Netting the Right System 287
Overview 287
Project Management Perspective 289
Deciding on Scope and Level of Automation 290
Defining the Application Deployment Environment 297
Choosing Implementation Alternatives 303
Contracting with Vendors 311
Presenting the Results and Making the Decisions 313
Summary 315
Key Terms 315
Review Questions 315
Thinking Critically 316
Experiential Exercises 316
Case Studies 317
Further Resources 318
PART 3 Systems Design Tasks 320
Chapter 9 Moving to Design 320
Fairchild Pharmaceuticals: Finalizing Architectural Design for a Production System 321
Overview 322
Understanding the Elements of Design 322
Design Phase Activities 327
Project Management: Coordinating the Project 330
Deployment Environment 334
Application Architecture 337
Network Design 344
Summary 347
Key Terms 347
Review Questions 348
Thinking Critically 348
Experiential Exercises 348
Case Studies 349
Further Resources 349
Chapter 10 The Traditional Approach to Design 350
Theatre Systems, Inc.: Something Old, Something New 351
Overview 352
The Structured Approach to Designing the Application Architecture 352
The Automation System Boundary 353
The System Flowchart 355
The Structure Chart 358
Module Algorithm Design: Pseudocode 369
Integrating Structured Application Design with Other Design Tasks 371
Three-Layer Design 372
Summary 377
Key Terms 377
Review Questions 377
Thinking Critically 378
Experiential Exercises 382
Case Studies 382
Further Resources 383
Chapter 11 The Object-Oriented Approach to Design:Use Case Realization 384
New Capital Bank 385
Overview 386
Object-Oriented Design—The Bridge between Requirementsand Implementation 386
Design Classes and Design Class Diagrams 393
Realizing Use Cases and Defining Methods—Designing with Sequence Diagrams 404
Developing a Multilayer Design 413
Designing with Communication Diagrams 420
Updating the Design Class Diagram 422
Package Diagrams—Structuring the Major Components 424
Implementation Issues for Three-Layer Design 426
Summary 429
Key Terms 429
Review Questions 430
Thinking Critically 431
Experiential Exercises 437
Case Studies 437
Further Resources 439
Chapter 12 Designing Databases 440
Nationwide Books: Designing a New Database 441
Overview 442
Databases and Database Management Systems 442
Relational Databases 444
Object-Oriented Databases 457
Hybrid Object-Relational Database Design 464
Data Types 468
Distributed Databases 470
Summary 478
Key Terms 478
Review Questions 478
Thinking Critically 479
Experiential Exercises 480
Case Studies 480
Further Resources 481
Chapter 13 Designing the User Interface 482
Interface Design at Aviation Electronics 483
Overview 483
Identifying and Classifying Inputs and Outputs 484
Understanding the User Interface 486
Guidelines for Designing User Interfaces 494
Documenting Dialog Designs 498
Guidelines for Designing Windows and Browser Forms 505
Guidelines for Designing Web Sites 509
Designing Dialogs for Rocky Mountain Outfitters 511
Summary 519
Key Terms 519
Review Questions 520
Thinking Critically 520
Experiential Exercises 521
Case Studies 521
Further Resources 523
Chapter 14 Designing System Interfaces, Controls, and Security 524
Downslope Ski Company: Designing a Secure Supplier System Intertace 525
Overview 526
Identifying System Interfaces 526
Designing System Inputs 530
Designing System Outputs 538
Designing Integrity Controls 548
Designing Security Controls 554
Summary 563
Key Terms 563
Review Questions 564
Thinking Critically 565
Experiential Exercises 567
Case Studies 567
Further Resources 569
PART 4 Implementation and Support 572
Chapter 15 Making the System Operational 572
Tri-State Heating Oil: Juggling Priorities to Begin Operation 573
Overview 574
Program Development 575
Quality Assurance 587
Data Conversion 595
Installation 597
Documentation 602
Training and User Support 606
Maintenance and System Enhancement 608
Summary 612
Key Terms 612
Review Questions 612
Thinking Critically 613
Experiential Exercises 614
Case Studies 614
Further Resources 615
Chapter 16 Current Trends in System Development 616
Valley Regional Hospital: Measuring a Project’s Progress 617
Overview 617
Software Principles and Practices 618
Adaptive Methodologies to Development 622
Model-Driven Architecture—Generalizing Solutions 640
Frameworks, Components, and Services 643
Summary 651
Key Terms 651
Review Questions 652
Thinking Critically 652
Experiential Exercises 653
Case Studies 654
Further Resources 655
Index 657