Unit 1 Writing Effective Sentences 1
Section A：What are effective sentences？ 1
Ⅰ.Conciseness 1
Ⅱ.Variety 4
Ⅲ.Emphasis 10
Section B：Recognizing and repairing basic sentence faults 21
Ⅰ.Sentence fragments 21
Ⅱ.Run-on sentences 23
Ⅲ.Improperly placed modifiers 27
Ⅳ.Errors in parallelism 30
Unit 2 Writing Effective Paragraphs 32
Section A：Understanding paragraph structure 32
Ⅰ.Topicsentence 32
Ⅱ.Supporting sentences 34
Ⅲ.Concluding sentence 35
Ⅳ.Details in the paragraph 36
Section B：How to develop a paragraph 37
Section C：Two special types of paragraphs 44
Ⅰ.Opening paragraph 44
Ⅱ.Concluding paragraph 49
Section D：Characteristics of a well-designed paragraph 53
Ⅰ.Unity 53
Ⅱ.Coherence 57
Ⅲ.Completeness 65
Section E：Connecting paragraphs 67
Ⅰ.Transitions 67
Ⅱ.Signposts 68
Ⅲ.Previews 68
Ⅳ.Key words or key ideas 69
Unit 3 Planning an Essay 73
Ⅰ.Choosing and limiting a topic 73
Ⅱ.Determining your purpose 74
Ⅲ.Gathering Material 75
Ⅳ.Writing a thesis statement 78
Ⅴ.Outlining an essay 80
Unit 4 Description 84
Section A：Understanding description 84
Ⅰ.Structure of a descriptive essay 84
Ⅱ.Features of a descriptive essay 84
Ⅲ.Strategies for writing a descriptive essay 86
Section B：Model essays 89
Unit 5 Narration 98
Section A：Understanding narration 98
Ⅰ.Structure of narration 98
Ⅱ.Strategies for writing a narrative essay 98
Section B：Model essays 102
Unit 6 Argumentation 113
Section A ：Understanding argumentation 113
Ⅰ.Types of argumentation 113
Ⅱ.Strategies for writing an argumentative essay 114
Section B：Model essays 117
Unit 7 Illustration 125
Section A：Understanding illustration 125
Ⅰ.Nature of illustration 125
Ⅱ.Strategies for writing an illustrative essay 125
Section B：Model essays 128
Unit 8 Definition 138
Section A：Understanding definition 138
Ⅰ.Nature of definition 138
Ⅱ.Strategies for writing a definition essay 139
Section B：Model essays 142
Unit 9 Classification 148
Section A：Understanding classification 148
Ⅰ.Nature of classification 148
Ⅱ.Strategies for writing a classification essay 148
Section B：Model essays 152
Unit 10 Comparison and Contrast 158
Section A：Understanding comparison and contrast 158
Ⅰ.Nature of contrast and comparison 158
Ⅱ.Strategies for writing a comparison-contrast essay 158
Section B：Model essays 162
Unit 11 Cause and Effect Analysis 170
Section A：Understanding cause and effect analysis 170
Ⅰ.Nature of cause and effect analysis 170
Ⅱ.Strategies for using cause-effect analysis in an essay 170
Section B：Model essays 174
Unit 12 Process Analysis 181
Section A：Understanding process analysis 181
Ⅰ.Nature of process analysis 181
Ⅱ.Strategies for writing a process analysis essay 182
Section B：Model essays 184
Unit 13 Writing Letters 192
Section A：Nature of letter writing 192
Ⅰ.Types of letters 192
Ⅱ.Parts of a letter 193
Ⅲ.Differences between personal letters and business letters 197
Ⅳ.Forms of layout for a letter 198
Section B：Sample letters 200
Ⅰ.Business letters 200
Ⅱ.Personal letters 203
Unit 14 Writing a Resume and a Cover Letter 209
Section A：Resume 209
Ⅰ.Function of a resume 209
Ⅱ.Parts of a resume 210
Ⅲ.Sample resumes 212
Section B：Cover letter 215
Ⅰ.Parts of a cover letter 215
Ⅱ.Sample cover letters 216
Unit 15 Writing Memos 221
Section A：Layout of a memoranda 221
Section B：Sample memos 224
Unit 16 Punctuation 227
Section A：A brief overview of punctuation 227
Section B：End punctuation 228
Ⅰ.Period 228
Ⅱ.Question mark 230
Ⅲ.Exclamation mark 230
Section C：Comma 231
Section D：Other types of punctuation 235
Ⅰ.Semicolon 235
Ⅱ.Colon 237
Ⅲ.Quotation marks 239
Ⅳ.Dash and parentheses 241
Ⅴ.Brackets 244
Ⅵ.Hyphen 245
Ⅶ.Ellipsis mark 246
Ⅷ.Slash 246
Ⅸ.Apostrophe 247
主要参考书目 249