Chapter One Medicinal Plants and Phytomedicines 1
1.1 Concepts of Medicinal Plants 1
Passage 1 Medicinal Plants 1
Passage 2 Medicinal Plants from Ancient Times to the Present 4
Passage 3 Background of Agricultural and Collection Practices for Medicinal Plants 6
Passage 4 African Medicinal Plants 8
Passage 5 Traditions and Medicinal Plants 10
1.2 History of Medicinal Plants and Phytomedicines 13
Passage 1 Historical Review of Medicinal Plants'Usage—Part Ⅰ 13
Passage 2 Historical Review of Medicinal Plants'Usage—Part Ⅱ 17
Passage 3 Historical Review of Medicinal Plants'Usage—Part Ⅲ 21
Passage 4 Historical Review of Medicinal Plants'Usage—Part Ⅳ 24
Passage 5 Increasing Popularity of Medicinal Plants 27
1.3 Medicinal Plant Resources and Classification 29
Passage 1 Medicinal Plant Resources 29
Passage 2 The Conservation of Medicinal Plants 31
Passage 3 Medicinal Plant Resources in Rature 34
Passage 4 Cultivation of Medicinal Plants in Asia 38
Passage 5 Medicinal Plants and Phytomedicines 40
1.4 Medicinal Plants and Health 42
Passage 1 Medicinal Plants：A Re-emerging Health Aid—Part Ⅰ 42
Passage 2 Medicinal Plants：A Re-emerging Health Aid—Part Ⅱ 45
Passage 3 Underrated Medicinal Plants—Part Ⅰ 48
Passage 4 Underrated Medicinal Plants—Part Ⅱ 51
Passage 5 Underrated Medicinal Plants—Part Ⅲ 55
1.5 The Importance of Medicinal Plants in the Domestic and Foreign Medical Field 58
Passage 1 The Importance and Scope of Medicinal Plant 58
Passage 2 Medicinal Plants Are Important for Today's Medicines 61
Passage 3 Role of Traditional Medicine in Public Health 63
Passage 4 Traditional Practices and Importance of Medicinal Plants 66
Passage 5 Traditional Medicine in the Health System 68
1.6 More Readings 71
Passage 1 Sustainable Utilization of Traditional Chinese Medicine Resources 71
Passage 2 Nutraceuticals and Functional Foods 73
Passage 3 Cultivation of Medicinal Plants 76
Passage 4 Ecological Impact of Medicinal Plants 78
Passage 5 Management of Medicinal Plants in the Himalayas of Nepal 81
Chapter Two Cultivation of Medicinal Plants 84
2.1 An Overview 84
Passage 1 Research and Implementation of Good Agricultural Practice for Traditional Chinese Medicinal Materials in Jilin Province 84
Passage 2 Traditional Chinese Medicine in North America：Opportunities for Small Farms? 87
Passage 3 WHO Guidelines on Good Agricultural and Collection Practices(GACP)for Medicinal Plants 91
Passage 4 Herbs Farming 95
Passage 5 The Movement Toward Organic Herb Cultivation in China 98
2.2 Cultivation 102
Passage 1 Cultivation of Medicinal and Aromatic Plants for Specialty Industrial Materials 102
Passage 2 Vegetative Forms of Propagation 105
Passage 3 Genetic Transformation Systems for Medicinal Plants and Public Perception of Biotechnology 109
Passage 4 Assessing African Medicinal Plants for Efficacy and Safety 113
Passage 5 Guidelines for Sustainable Cultivation and Harvesting of Medicinal Plants 117
2.3 Cultivation Techniques 122
Passage 1 Cultivating Medicinal Herbs,with a Focus on At-risk Woodland Medicinals 122
Passage 2 Medical Cannabis Cultivation Methods 125
Passage 3 The Application of Drought Stress During the Cultivation of Medicinal Plants 129
Passage 4 Bringing Medicinal Plants into Cultivation:Opportunities and Challenges for Biotechnology 133
Passage 5 Seed Germination and Seedling Growth of Some Highly Traded Chinese Medicinal Plants 135
Chapter Three Germplasm Identification and Selective Breeding of Medicinal Plants 140
3.1 Application of Biotechnology on Germplasm Evaluation of Medicinal Plants 140
Passage 1 Advent of Next-generation Sequencing Platforms 140
Passage 2 Development and Characterization of EST-SSR Markers in the Chinese Medicinal Plant 145
Passage 3 Evaluation of Protein Extraction Methods for Vitis vinifera Leaf and Root Proteome Analysis by Two-Dimensional Electrophoresis(Adapted) 149
Passage 4 Genetic Variation and Metabolic Pathway Intricacy Govern the Active Compound Content and Quality of the Chinese Medicinal Plant(Adapted) 155
Passage 5 Discussion of NGS Applications 159
3.2 Molecular Marker-assisted Breeding 164
Passage 1 Crop Breeding for Salt Tolerance in the Era of Molecular Markers and Marker-assisted Selection(Adapted) 164
Passage 2 Marker-assisted Selection(MAS)in Rice 169
Passage 3 Modern Plant Breeding 174
Passage 4 Scientists Breed a Better Seed,Trait by Trait 179
Passage 5 What Exactly Is a Genetically Modified Plant? 183
3.3 Tissue Culture Technology and Breeding 188
Passage 1 Plant Tissue Culture 188
Passage 2 The Many Dimensions of Plant Tissue Culture Research(Adapted) 192
Passage 3 Quantification of the Tissue-culture Induced Variation in Barley(Discussion) 197
Passage 4 Plant Tissue Culture:Current Status and Opportunities(Adpated) 201
Passage 5 Abstract 205
3.4 Conventional Cross Breeding 210
Passage 1 Breeding Systems of Plant Species in the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau(Adapted) 210
Passage 2 Analysis of the Leaf Methylomes of Parents and Their Hybrids Provides New Insight into Hybrid Vigor in Populus Deltoids(Adapted) 214
Passage 3 Diversity of Genome Size and Tyl-copia in Epimedium Species Used for Traditional Chinese Medicines 219
Passage 4 Natural Hybridization of Wild Cucurbita Sororia Group and Domesticated C.Mixta in Southern Sonora,Mexico 228
Passage 5 Abstract 232
Chapter Four Exploitation and Utilization of Medicinal Plants 237
4.1 Medicinal and Edible Plants 237
Passage 1 Cinnamon(Cinnamomum Zeylanicum)(Adapted) 237
Passage 2 Ganoderma Lucidum,Reishi or Ling Zhi,a Fungus Used in Oriental Medicine 241
Passage 3 Ginger(Zingiber Officinale) 245
Passage 4 Ginseng 247
Passage 5 Skullcap:Potential Medicinal Crop 250
4.2 Concept and Preparation of Phytomedicines 254
Passage 1 A New Dawn for the Use of Traditional Chinese Medicine in Cancer Therapy Apoptosis by TCM 254
Passage 2 Ginkgo(Ginkgo Biloba) 258
Passage 3 Introduction to Medieinal Plants 260
Passage 4 Metabolic Engineering Approaches for Production of Biochemicals in Food and Medicinal Plants(Excerpt) 265
Passage 5 Synthesized Pharmaceutical Manufacturing Plants 269
4.3 Examples of Application 272
Passage 1 Chinese Bayberry 272
Passage 2 Health Benefits of Lavender Essential Oil 276
Passage 3 Health Benefits of Mint(Adapted) 280
Passage 4 Lotus Seed:Food and Medicine 284
Passage 5 The Use of Medicinal Plants(Adapted) 288