Chapter 1 Introduction 1
1.1 The dictionary and pictorial illustration 1
1.2 Key terms 4
1.3 A Sketchy history of pictorial illustration in English dictionaries 11
1.4 A Survey of dictionaries in regard to pictorial illustration 23
1.5 An outline of previous studies 25
1.6 Rationale for the thesis 26
1.7 Purposes of the study 30
1.8 An outline of the chapters 32
Chapter 2 Language and picture 34
2.1 Pictures,the origins of writing 35
2.2 Chinese and pictorial illustration 40
2.3 Characteristics and functions of language and pictures 43
2.4 Linguistic fuzziness,generality,and polysemy and pictorial illustration 51
2.5 Part of speech and pictorial illustration 66
Chapter 3 Psychology and pictorial illustration 84
3.1 The nervous system 85
3.2 The brain 86
3.3 Vision 93
3.4 Pictures in the mind 106
3.5 Memory 113
Chapter 4 Semantic relation and pictorial illustration 124
4.1 Semantic relation 124
4.2 Pictorial illustrations and the semantic relations they represent 154
Chapter 5 Functions of pictorial illustration and vocabulary learning 173
5.1 Functions of pictorial illustration 173
5.2 Vocabulary learning and pictorial illustration 218
Chapter 6 Pictorial illustration in the digital age 233
6.1 The emergence and development of electronic dictionaries 233
6.2 Advantages of printed and electronic dictionaries 235
6.3 Advantages of pictorial illustration in electronic dictionaries 237
6.4 The present situation of pictorial illustration in electronic dictionaries 238
6.5 The future of pictorial illustration in electronic dictionaries 240
Chapter 7 Conclusion 242
Works of Reference 248