Unit 1 An Overview of Academic Writing 1
Section 1:Common Types of Academic Writing 2
Section 2:Features of Academic Writing 3
Section 3:Structure of Academic Writing 5
Section 4:Stages of Academic Writing 8
Unit 2 Writing an Abstract 12
Section 1:Common Types of Academic Abstracts and Their Structural Components 13
Section 2:Language Features of Academic Abstracts 18
Section 3:Composing an Academic Abstract 20
Unit 3 Writing an Introduction 25
Section 1:Role of an Introduction 26
Section 2:Structure of an Introduction 27
Section 3:Steps to Go in Writing an Introduction 30
Section 4:Tips on Writing an Effective Introduction 35
Unit 4 Reviewing the Literature 39
Section 1:Definition of Literature Review 41
Section 2:Purpose of Literature Review 42
Section 3:Structure of Literature Review 45
Section 4:Strategies of Writing Literature Review 48
Unit 5 Describing Methods 59
Section 1:Procedures of Research Design 60
Section 2:Types of Data Gathering Instruments 62
Section 3:Linking Research Questions to Data Analysis Techniques 69
Unit 6 Reporting Results and Discussion 75
Section 1:Purpose of Reporting Results and Discussing Results 75
Section 2:Strategies on Writing up Results Section 76
Section 3:Discussing Results 81
Unit 7 Writing a Conclusion 87
Section 1:Function of a Conclusion 88
Section 2:Components of a Conclusion 89
Section 3:Structure of a Conclusion 92
Section 4:Strategies in Writing a Conclusion 94
Unit 8 Citation and Referencing 100
Section 1:Common Types of Plagiarism 101
Section 2:Ways to Avoid Plagiarism 103
Section 3:Citation and Referencing Formats 106
Unit 9 Revising and Proofreading 114
Section 1:Why and How to Revise 115
Section 2:Global Revisions 117
Section 3:Local Revisions(Language and Style) 121
Section 4:A General Checklist for Revising 127
Unit 10 Conducting a Research Project or Composing a Research Report 132
Section 1:Component Parts of a Typical Research Project or Report 133
Section 2:Finding a Topic 143
Section 3:Designing a Questionnaire 145
Section 4:Data Analysis and Discussion 149
Section 5:Citation Focus 152
Appendix 1 163
Appendix 2 182
Appendix 3 212