Chapter 1 Introduction 1
Chapter 2 Phonological Awareness in Alphabetic Languages （Primarily English） 4
The linguistic status hypothesis 4
Heterogeneity of PA 13
PA and reading 15
Phoneme awareness and reading 18
PA and spoken language 33
PA and bilingual experience 34
Summary 38
Chapter 3 Chinese English Learners’Phonological Awareness in English 40
Assessment of PA in English 41
Factors contributing to PA in English 51
PA and English skills 60
Summary 70
Chapter 4 Phonological Awareness in Chinese（Primarily Mandarin） 71
Introduction 71
Phonology of Mandarin 72
Development of PA in Mandarin 76
Factors contributing to PA in Mandarin 82
PA in Mandarin and Chinese reading 90
Tone awareness 95
Summary 111
Chapter 5 Phonological Awareness in English vs.Phonological Awareness in Chinese 113
Research questions 113
Literature review of PA in both languages 114
Discussion of literature results 125
Conclusion 129
References 131
后记 150