0 Exordium 1
0.1 Definition of aTurbomachine 1
0.2 Classification of Turbomachines 1
1 Hydraulic Turbines 4
1.1 Introduction 4
1.2 Development History 4
1.3 Turbine Classification 6
1.4 Difference between Impulse and Reaction Turbines 11
2 Pelton Turbines 15
2.1 Injector 15
2.2 Servomotor 16
2.3 Deflector 16
2.4 Runner 17
2.5 Nozzle 18
2.6 Distributor 18
2.7 Casing 19
2.8 Braking Jet 20
3 Turgo Turbines and Crossflow Turbines 23
3.1 Turgo Turbines 23
3.2 Crossflow Turbines 24
4 Francis Turbines 31
4.1 Introduction 31
4.2 Main Components 31
5 Propeller and Kaplan Turbines 40
5.1 Development 40
5.2 Main Components of the Runner 41
5.3 Scroll Case and Stay Ring 44
5.4 GuideVane Cascade 45
5.5 Head Cover and Draft Tube 45
5.6 Automatic Air Valve 46
5.7 Shaft of the Hydro Unit 46
5.8 Over-speed Protective Device 47
6 Deriaz Turbines 50
6.1 Introduction 50
6.2 Development 51
6.3 Mechanical Considerations 52
6.4 Hydraulic Considerations 52
6.5 RunawayConditions 53
6.6 Reversibility 53
6.7 Servomotor 54
7 Bulb Turbines 56
7.1 Introduction 56
7.2 General Arrangement 56
7.3 Main Components 57
7.4 Assembly and Dismantling 66
8 Turbine Governing 69
8.1 Introduction 69
8.2 Turbine Governing Demands 69
8.3 Functions of Governors 70
8.4 Specific Turbine Governing Equipment 71
9 Selection of Hydraulic Turbines 76
9.1 Speed 77
9.2 Specific Speed 77
9.3 Turbine Efficiency 78
9.4 Turbine Setting and Excavation Requirements 80
9.5 Criteria for Selection of Hydraulic Turbines 82
9.6 Determination of the Number of Units 84
10 Classification and Components of Centrifugal Pumps 87
10.1 Classification by Flow 87
10.2 Stationary Components 88
10.3 Rotary Components 90
10.4 Shaft Seal Devices 91
10.5 Wearing Rings 92
10.6 Axial Thrust Balancing Devices 93
10.7 Multi-Stage Centrifugal Pumps 94
11 Basic Parameters of Centrifugal Pumps 97
11.1 Flow Rate 97
11.2 Head 97
11.3 Power 101
11.4 Efficiency 102
11.5 Rotational Speed 103
11.6 Net Positive Suction Head(NPSH) 103
12 Centrifugal Pump Theory 106
12.1 Velocity Triangles 106
12.2 Euler's Pump Equation 109
12.3 Blade Shape and Pump Curve 110
12.4 Slip 111
12.5 Specific Speed of Centrifugal Pumps 113
13 Pump Losses 116
13.1 Loss Types 116
13.2 Mechanical Losses 117
13.3 Hydraulic Losses 117
13.4 Loss Distribution as a Function of Specific Speed 123
14 Characteristics of Centrifugal Pumps and Their Systems 125
14.1 Pump Characteristic Curve 125
14.2 System Characteristic Curve 128
14.3 Matching of Pump and System Characteristics 130
15 Centrifugal Pumps Operating in Systems 132
15.1 Pumps Operating in Parallel 132
15.2 Pumps Operating in Series 133
15.3 Regulation of Pumps 134
16 Cavitation and NPSH in Centrifugal Pumps 142
16.1 Cavitation 142
16.2 Net Positive Suction Head 144
16.3 Preventing Cavitation 147
17 Axial flow Pumps 150
17.1 Basic Structure of an Axial Flow Pump 150
17.2 Blade Design 152
17.3 Airfoil Theory 153
17.4 Performance of an Axial Flow Pump 155
17.5 Advantages of Axial Flow Pumps 156
17.6 Applications of Axial Flow Pumps 157
18 Positive Displacement Pumps 159
18.1 Introduction 159
18.2 Principle of Operation 159
18.3 Reciprocating Pumps 160
18.4 Rotary Pumps 161
18.5 Diaphragm Pumps 165
18.6 Positive Displacement PumP Characteristic Curves 166
18.7 Positive Displacement Pump Protection 166
参考译文 169
0 绪论 169
0.1 透平机械定义 169
0.2 透平机械分类 169
1 水轮机 171
1.1 简介 171
1.2 发展历史 171
1.3 水轮机的分类 172
1.4 冲击式水轮机与反击式水轮机的区别 177
2 切击式水轮机 178
2.1 喷射机构 178
2.2 喷针移动机构 179
2.3 折向器 179
2.4 转轮 179
2.5 喷嘴 180
2.6 配水管 180
2.7 机壳 181
2.8 喷射制动 182
3 斜击式水轮机和双击式水轮机 183
3.1 斜击式水轮机 183
3.2 双击式水轮机 184
4 混流式水轮机 188
4.1 简介 188
4.2 主要组成部件 188
5 轴流定桨和轴流转桨式水轮机 194
5.1 开发 194
5.2 转轮的主要组成部分 195
5.3 蜗壳 198
5.4 活动导叶栅 198
5.5 顶盖和尾水管 198
5.6 自动排气阀 199
5.7 水电机组的主轴 199
5.8 超速保护装置 199
6 斜流式水轮机 200
6.1 简介 200
6.2 开发 200
6.3 机械特性 201
6.4 水力特性 202
6.5 失控工况 202
6.6 可逆性 203
6.7 接力器 203
7 灯泡贯流式水轮机 204
7.1 简介 204
7.2 总体布置 204
7.3 主要组成部分 205
7.4 组装和拆卸 212
8 水轮机调速 213
8.1 简介 213
8.2 水轮机调速的要求 213
8.3 调速器的作用 214
8.4 具体的水轮机调速设备 214
9 水轮机选型 217
9.1 转速 218
9.2 比转速 218
9.3 水轮机效率 219
9.4 水轮机安装高程和开挖要求 220
9.5 水轮机选型标准 222
9.6 机组台数的确定 224
10 离心泵的分类及组成部分 225
10.1 按出流方向分类 225
10.2 固定部件 226
10.3 转动部件 227
10.4 轴封装置 228
10.5 承磨环 229
10.6 轴向推力平衡装置 230
10.7 多级离心泵 231
11 离心泵的基本参数 232
11.1 流量 232
11.2 扬程 232
11.3 功率 234
11.4 效率 235
11.5 转速 236
11.6 气蚀余量(NPSH) 236
12 离心泵基本理论 237
12.1 速度三角形 237
12.2 泵的欧拉方程 239
12.3 叶片形状与泵的扬程曲线 240
12.4 反旋 241
12.5 离心泵的比转速 242
13 泵的能量损失 244
13.1 能量损失的类型 244
13.2 机械损失 245
13.3 水力损失 245
13.4 以比转速为函数的损失分布 249
14 离心泵及其系统的特性曲线 250
14.1 泵的特性曲线 250
14.2 系统的特性曲线 253
14.3 泵特性与系统特性的匹配 254
15 离心泵在系统中的运行 255
15.1 离心泵并联运行 255
15.2 离心泵串联运行 256
15.3 离心泵的工况调节 257
16 离心泵的空化与气蚀余量 261
16.1 空化 261
16.2 气蚀余量 262
16.3 空化的预防 264
17 轴流泵 266
17.1 轴流泵的基本构造 266
17.2 叶片设计 267
17.3 翼型理论 268
17.4 轴流泵的性能 270
17.5 轴流泵的优点 271
17.6 轴流泵的应用 271
18 容积式泵 272
18.1 简介 272
18.2 工作原理 272
18.3 往复泵 272
18.4 回转泵 274
18.5 隔膜泵 277
18.6 容积式泵的特性曲线 277
18.7 容积式泵的保护 278
Glossaries(English to Chinese) 279
Glossaries(Chinese to English) 298