Chapter 1 Introduction:Word,Vocabulary and Lexicology 1
Ⅰ．THE NOTION OF“WORD” 1
1．Do Words Exist? 1
2．Bloomfield's Definition of Word 2
3．Characteristics of Words 3
Ⅱ．THE ORGANIZATION OF ENGLISH VOCABULARY 4
1．The Syntagmatic and Paradigmatic Relations 4
2．Word Classes 5
3．Lexical Fields 6
Ⅲ．LEXICOLOGY AND OTHER LEVELS OF LINGUISTIC ANALYSIS 8
1．Lexicology and phonology 8
2．Lexis and Grammar:Two Forms of Patterning 9
3．Lexicology and Semantics 11
Ⅳ．SUMMARY 11
Exercises 11
Chapter 2 English Vocabulary:A Historical Perspective 13
Ⅰ．THE INDO-EUROPEAN LANGUAGE FAMILY 13
Ⅱ．THE ENGLISH PEOPLE AND THE ENGLISH LANGUAGE 14
Ⅲ．THE DEVELOPMENT OF ENGLISH VOCABULARY 15
1．The Old English Period 16
2．The Middle English Period 17
3．Modern English Period 18
Ⅳ．SUMMARY 21
Exercises 22
Chapter 3 Borrowing as a Source of English Word-Stock 23
Ⅰ．THE SIZE OF ENGLISH WORD-STOCK 23
Ⅱ．THE NATIVE WORDS OF THE ENGLISH LANGUAGE 24
Ⅲ．BORROWING:AN OVERVIEW 25
Ⅳ．MAJOR SOURCES OF BORROWING 26
1．Latin Borrowings 26
2．Scandinavian Influences 27
3．French Loan Words 29
4．Greek Adoptions 30
Ⅴ．MINOR SOURCES OF BORROWING 30
Ⅵ．INFLUENCES OF BORROWING 31
Ⅶ．SUMMARY 32
Exercises 32
Chapter 4 Major Processes of Word Formation 34
Ⅰ．MORPHEME,ROOT AND AFFIX 34
Ⅱ．DERIVATION AND COMPOUNDING 35
Ⅲ．PREFIXATION 36
Ⅳ．SUFFIXATION 38
Ⅴ．COMPOUNDING 41
1．Basic Features of Compounds 41
2．Classification of Compounds 42
3．The Syntax of Compounds 43
Ⅵ．SUMMARY 45
Exercises 45
Chapter 5 Minor Processes of Word Formation 46
Ⅰ．BLENDING 46
Ⅱ．BACK-FORMATION 47
Ⅲ．INITIALISM 49
1．Abbreviation 49
2．Acronyms 49
Ⅳ．CLIPPING 50
Ⅴ．APHESIS 51
Ⅵ．ANALOGY 52
1．Single Words Formed by Analogy 52
2．Phrases Formed by Analogy 52
Ⅶ．REDUPLICATION 52
Ⅷ．WORDS FROM PROPER NAMES 53
1．Words from Names of People 53
2．Words from Names of Places 54
3．Words from Names of Books 54
4．Words from Trademarks 55
Ⅸ．SUMMARY 55
Exercises 56
Chapter 6 Word Meaning and Meaning Relations 57
Ⅰ．CONVENTIONALITY VERSUS MOTIVATION 57
Ⅱ．MEANINGS OF MEANING 58
Ⅲ．FOUR KINDS OF MEANING 59
1．Denotation and Reference 60
2．Denotation and Sense 60
3．Denotation and Connotation 61
Ⅳ．MEANING RELATIONS 61
1．Synonymy 62
2．Antonymy 65
3．Hierarchical Meaning Relations—Hyponymy and Meronymy 68
Ⅴ．SEMANTIC FIELD AND COMPONENTIAL ANALYSIS 70
Ⅵ．WORD MEANING AND CONTEXT 71
1．Types of Conext 71
2．The Role of Context 73
Ⅶ．SUMMARY 76
Exercises 76
Chapter 7 Words in Use 78
Ⅰ．OED'S ACCOUNT OF WORDS 78
Ⅱ．WORDS USED IN DIFFERENT CONTEXTS 79
1．Geographical Context 79
2．Occupational Context 87
3．Social and Cultural Context 88
4．Contextual Context 91
5．Other Contexts 95
Ⅲ．SUMMARY 95
Exercises 95
Chapter 8 Multi-word Lexical Units:Collocation,Lexical Phrase and Idiom 97
Ⅰ．THE RESEARCH TRADITION OF PREFABRICATED LANGUAGE 97
Ⅱ．COLLOCATIONS 98
1．Meaning by Collocation 98
2．The Typology of Collocations 99
3．Investigating Lexis:Corpus Approach to Collocations 100
Ⅲ．LEXICAL PHRASES 101
1．The Definition of Lexical Phrase 101
2．Functions of Lexical Phrases 102
3．Lexical Phrases and Language Teaching 103
Ⅳ．IDIOMS 104
1．The Definition and Main Features of Idioms 104
2．The Categorization of Idioms 105
3．The Meaning of Idioms 106
Ⅴ．IMPLICATIONS OF LINGUISTIC PREFABRICATION 107
Ⅵ．SUMMARY 107
Exercises 108
Chapter 9 Lexicology and Lexicography 109
Ⅰ．DEFINITIONS OF LEXICOLOGY,LEXICOGRAPHY AND DICTIONARY 109
Ⅱ．FUNCTIONS OF DICTIONARIES 110
Ⅲ．THE HISTORY OF ENGLISH DICTIONARIES 111
Ⅳ．TYPES OF DICTIONARIES 114
1．Linguistic Dictionaries,Encyclopedias and Encyclopedic Dictionaries 115
2．Monolingual,Bilingual and Multilingual Dictionaries 116
3．General and Specialized Dictionaries 116
4．Unabridged,Desk and Pocket Dictionaries 118
5．Synchronic and Diachronic Dictionaries 119
6．Distinctions of Dictionaries by Other Features 119
Ⅴ．STRUCTURES OF ENGLISH DICTIONARIES 120
Ⅵ．USE OF ENGLISH DICTIONARIES 120
1．Choice ofDictionaries 120
2．How to Use a Dictionary 122
Ⅶ．SUMMARY 124
Exercises 124
Appendix 1 Common Prefixes 125
Appendix 2 Common Suffixes 127
Appendix 3 Common Roots 129
Appendix 4 Lexicology Terms(English-Chinese) 133
Appendix 5 Vocabulary 135
Key to Exercises 145
References 152