PART A FUNDAMENTALS OF STRUCTURAL ANALYSIS 3
Section A1 Elasticity 3
CHAPTER 1 Basic elasticity 5
1.1 Stress 5
1.2 Notation for forces and stresses 7
1.3 Equations of equilibrium 9
1.4 Plane stress 11
1.5 Boundary conditions 11
1.6 Determination of stresses on inclined planes 12
1.7 Principal stresses 15
1.8 Mohr’s circle of stress 17
1.9 Strain 22
1.10 Compatibility equations 25
1.11 Plane strain 26
1.12 Determination of strains on inclined planes 27
1.13 Principal strains 29
1.14 Mohr’s circle of strain 30
1.15 Stress-strain relationships 30
1.16 Experimental measurement of surface strains 37
Reference 43
Problems 43
CHAPTER 2 Two-dimensional problems in elasticity 47
2.1 Two-dimensional problems 47
2.2 Stress functions 49
2.3 Inverse and semi-inverse methods 50
2.4 St.Venant’s principle 56
2.5 Displacements 57
2.6 Bending of an end-loaded cantilever 58
Reference 63
Problems 63
CHAPTER 3 Torsion of solid sections 69
3.1 Prandtl stress function solution 69
3.2 St.Venant warping function solution 81
3.3 The membrane analogy 82
3.4 Torsion of a narrow rectangular strip 84
References 86
Problems 87
Section A2 Virtual work，energy，and matrix methods 89
CHAPTER 4 Virtual work and energy methods 91
4.1 Work 91
4.2 Principle of virtual work 92
4.3 Applications of the principle of virtual work 106
Reference 117
Problems 118
CHAPTER 5 Energy methods 123
5.1 Strain energy and complementary energy 123
5.2 Principle of the stationary value of the total complementary energy 125
5.3 Application to deflection problems 126
5.4 Application to the solution of statically indeterminate systems 135
5.5 Unit load method 152
5.6 Flexibility method 155
5.7 Total potential energy 160
5.8 Principle of the stationary value of the total potential energy 161
5.9 Principle of superposition 164
5.10 Reciprocal theorem 164
5.11 Temperature effects 168
References 171
Further reading 171
Problems 171
CHAPTER 6 Matrix methods 183
6.1 Notation 184
6.2 Stiffness matrix for an elastic spring 185
6.3 Stiffness matrix for two elastic springs in line 186
6.4 Matrix analysis of pin-jointed frameworks 189
6.5 Application to statically indeterminate frameworks 196
6.6 Matrix analysis of space frames 196
6.7 Stiffness matrix for a uniform beam 198
6.8 Finite element method for continuum structures 205
References 223
Further reading 223
Problems 223
Section A3 Thin plate theory 231
CHAPTER 7 Bending of thin plates 233
7.1 Pure bending of thin plates 233
7.2 Plates subjected to bending and twisting 236
7.3 Plates subjected to a distributed transverse load 240
7.4 Combined bending and in-plane loading of a thin rectangular plate 250
7.5 Bending of thin plates having a small initial curvature 254
7.6 Energy method for the bending of thin plates 255
Further reading 263
Problems 263
Section A4 Structural instability 267
CHAPTER 8 Columns 269
8.1 Euler buckling of columns 269
8.2 Inelastic buckling 275
8.3 Effect of initial imperfections 280
8.4 Stability of beams under transverse and axial loads 283
8.5 Energy method for the calculation of buckling loads in columns 286
8.6 Flexural-torsional buckling of thin-walled columns 290
References 302
Problems 302
CHAPTER 9 Thin plates 311
9.1 Buckling of thin plates 311
9.2 Inelastic buckling of plates 314
9.3 Experimental determination of the critical load for a flat plate 316
9.4 Local instability 316
9.5 Instability of stiffened panels 317
9.6 Failure stress in plates and stiffened panels 319
9.7 Tension field beams 323
References 339
Problems 340
Section A5 Vibration of structures 345
CHAPTER 10 Structural vibration 347
10.1 Oscillation of mass-spring systems 347
10.2 Oscillation of beams 356
10.3 Approximate methods for determining natural frequencies 361
Problems 364
PART B ANALYSIS OF AIRCRAFT STRUCTURES 371
Section B1 Principles of stressed skin construction 371
CHAPTER 11 Materials 373
11.1 Aluminum alloys 373
11.2 Steel 375
11.3 Titanium 376
11.4 Plastics 377
11.5 Glass 377
11.6 Composite materials 377
11.7 Properties of materials 379
Problems 394
CHAPTER 12 Structural components of aircraft 397
12.1 Loads on structural components 397
12.2 Function of structural components 399
12.3 Fabrication of structural components 404
12.4 Connections 409
Reference 415
Problems 415
Section B2 Airworthiness and airframe loads 419
CHAPTER 13 Airworthiness 421
13.1 Factors of safety-flight envelope 421
13.2 Load factor determination 423
Reference 426
Problems 426
CHAPTER 14 Airframe loads 427
14.1 Aircraft inertia loads 427
14.2 Symmetric maneuver loads 433
14.3 Normal accelerations associated with various types of maneuver 438
14.4 Gust loads 442
References 450
Problems 450
CHAPTER 15 Fatigue 457
15.1 Safe life and fail-safe structures 457
15.2 Designing against fatigue 458
15.3 Fatigue strength of components 459
15.4 Prediction of aircraft fatigue life 465
15.5 Crack propagation 471
References 478
Further reading 478
Problems 478
Section B3 Bending，shear and torsion of thin-walled beams 481
CHAPTER 16 Bending of open and closed，thin-walled beams 483
16.1 Symmetrical bending 484
16.2 Unsymmetrical bending 492
16.3 Deflections due to bending 499
16.4 Calculation of section properties 514
16.5 Applicability of bending theory 523
16.6 Temperature effects 523
Reference 527
Problems 527
CHAPTER 17 Shear of beams 537
17.1 General stress，strain，and displacement relationships for open and single-cell closed section thin-walled beams 537
17.2 Shear of open section beams 541
17.3 Shear of closed section beams 550
Reference 559
Problems 559
CHAPTER 18 Torsion of beams 569
18.1 Torsion of closed section beams 569
18.2 Torsion of open section beams 579
Problems 585
CHAPTER 19 Combined open and closed section beams 593
19.1 Bending 593
19.2 Shear 595
19.3 Torsion 598
Problems 603
CHAPTER 20 Structural idealization 605
20.1 Principle 605
20.2 Idealization of a panel 606
20.3 Effect of idealization on the analysis of open and closed section beams 608
20.4 Deflection of open and closed section beams 620
Problems 623
Section B4 Stress analysis of aircraft components 629
CHAPTER 21 Wing spars and box beams 631
21.1 Tapered wing spar 631
21.2 Open and closed section beams 635
21.3 Beams having variable stringer areas 640
Problems 645
CHAPTER 22 Fuselages 649
22.1 Bending 649
22.2 Shear 651
22.3 Torsion 653
22.4 Cut-outs in fuselages 655
Problems 660
CHAPTER 23 Wings 663
23.1 Three-boom shell 663
23.2 Bending 664
23.3 Torsion 665
23.4 Shear 670
23.5 Shear center 677
23.6 Tapered wings 677
23.7 Deflections 680
23.8 Cut-outs in wings 681
Problems 689
CHAPTER 24 Fuselage frames and wing ribs 697
24.1 Principles of stiffener/web construction 697
24.2 Fuselage frames 702
24.3 Wing ribs 703
Problems 707
CHAPTER 25 Laminated composite structures 709
25.1 Elastic constants of a simple lamina 709
25.2 Stress-strain relationships for an orthotropic ply （macro approach） 715
25.3 Laminates 724
25.4 Thin-walled composite beams 740
References 753
Problems 753
Section B5 Structural and loading discontinuities 761
CHAPTER 26 Closed section beams 763
26.1 General aspects 763
26.2 Shear stress distribution at a built-in end of a closed section beam 764
26.3 Thin-walled rectangular section beam subjected to torsion 770
26.4 Shear lag 778
Reference 795
Problems 795
CHAPTER 27 Open section beams 805
27.1 I-section beam subjected to torsion 805
27.2 Torsion of an arbitrary section beam 807
27.3 Distributed torque loading 817
27.4 Extension of the theory to allow for general systems of loading 819
27.5 Moment couple （bimoment） 822
References 825
Problems 825
Section B6 Introduction to aeroelasticity 831
CHAPTER 28 Wing problems 833
28.1 Types of problem 833
28.2 Load distribution and divergence 834
28.3 Control effectiveness and reversal 840
28.4 Introduction to “flutter” 846
References 853
Problems 853
Appendix：Design of a rear fuselage 857
Index 885