Chapter 1 Introduction 1
Meaning of Noise 1
Historical Applications of Noise Analysis 2
Techniques of Experimental Reactor Dynamics 3
Reasons for Noise Analysis 5
Kinds of Noise 6
Accomplishments of Investigations 7
ContentsPublisher's Foreword 9
Preface 11
Nomenclature 13
Probability 17
Chapter 2 Statistical Properties of Noise 17
Moments of the Probability Density Function 18
Gaussian Distribution 20
Uses of Probability Descriptors 21
Correlation 23
Chapter 3 Frequency-Domain Analysis 29
Frequency Concepts in Noise 29
Fourier Series Representation 30
Fourier Integral Representation 33
Spectral Descriptors 34
Fast Fourier Transform 34
Transfer Functions 35
Chapter 4 Time-Domain Analysis 41
Cross-Correlation 41
Autocorrelation 43
Correlation Functions and Spectra 45
Correlation Measurement Methods 48
Flow Measurements by Correlation 49
Autoregression Models 50
Chapter 5 Experimental Techniques 57
Transducers 58
Signal Conditioning and Unwanted Noise Reduction 59
Recording Techniques 61
Analyzers 64
Data Quality Assurance 67
Chapter 6 Theoretical Considerations in Noise Analysis 71
Filtering 71
Frequency Resolution 75
Dynamic Range 76
Statistical Error 78
Standards and Traditions in Noise Data Management 79
Surveillance Using Noise 80
Pattern Recognition Methodology 83
Pattern Recognition Implementation 84
Parameter Identification 85
Chapter 7 Neutron Noise 89
Fundamental Statistical Processes 89
Zero-Power Spectra 92
Zero-Power Time-Domain Analysis 94
Power Reactor Reactivity Noise 94
Geometric Neutron Noise 99
Gamma and Fast-Neutron Noise 100
Chapter 8 Pressurized Water Reactor Noise 103
PWR Internals and Forces 103
Neutron Noise 108
Structural Vibrations 112
Core Barrel Motion Data 115
Pressure Noise 121
Fuel Motion 122
Diagnosis Using Noise 125
Core Monitoring Programs 129
Balance of Plant Noise Monitoring 129
Chapter 9 Boiling Water Reactor Noise 139
BWR Internals and Forces 139
Stability Measurements 144
Boiling Noise Theory 148
Boiling Noise Experiments 151
Global and Local Noise 156
Steam Void Velocity 159
Primary System Noise 163
Instrument Tube Motion 171
Noise Surveillance 174
Chapter 10 Acoustical Noise 181
Vibrating Structure Waves 183
Transmission Characteristics 184
Data Analysis 187
Boiling Detection 18oLeak Detection 192
Loose Parts Monitoring 193
Chapter 11 Concluding Remarks 201
Growth and Breadth in a Technology 201
Acceptance 201
The Outlook 203
Index 205