1水基钻井液的测试程序 2
1 TESTING PROCEDURE OF WATER BASE DRILLINGFLUIDS 3
1.1密度 2
1.1 DENSITY 3
1.2马氏漏斗粘度 6
1.2 MARSH FUNNEL VISCOSITY 7
1.3塑性粘度、表观粘度和动切力 8
1.3 PLASTIC VISCOSITY， APPARENT VISCOSITYAND YIELD POINT 9
1.4静切力 10
1.4 GEL STRENGTHS 11
1.5 API滤失量 12
1.5 API FILTRATION 13
1.6高温高压滤失量 14
1.6 HTHP FILTRATION TEST 15
1.7含砂量 22
1.7 SAND CONTENT 23
1.8钻井液中固相和液相含量的测定 24
1.8 MUD SOLID AND LIQUID CONTENTDETERMINATION 25
1.9亚甲基蓝测试和阳离子交换容量测定 32
1.9 THYLENE BLUE TEST AND CATIONEXCHANGE CAPACITY 33
1.10 pH值测定 38
1.10 pH DETERMINATION 39
1.11电阻率 40
1.11 RESISTIVITY 41
1.12钻井液粘附系数测定 42
1.12 STICKOTER 43
1.13膨润土的质量评价 46
1.13 ESTIMATION OF BENTONITE CHARACTERESTICS 47
1.14钻井液的润滑性和极压润滑仪 52
1.14 MUD LUBRICITY AND E. P. TESTER 53
2水基钻井液化学分析 70
2 CHEMICAL ANALYSIS OF WATER BASE DRILLINGFLUIDS 71
2.1钻井液滤液中Cl-浓度的测定 70
2.1 DETERMINATION OF CHLORIDE CONCENTRATIONIN MUD FILTRATE 71
2.2钻井液滤液碱度的测定 72
2.2 DETERMINATION OF ALKALINITY 73
2.3以钙计总硬度的测定 82
2.3 DETERMINATION OF TOTAL HARDNESSAS CALCIUM 83
2.4钻井液滤液中Ca2＋浓度的测定 86
2.4 DETERMINATION OF Ca2+ INFILTRATE 87
2.5滤液中Mg2＋含量测定 90
2.5 DETERMINATION OF Mg2+ INFILTRATE 91
2.6硫酸钙含量的测定 92
2.6 DETERMINATION OF CALCIUM SULFATECONCENTRATION 93
2.7钾离子含量的测定 96
2.7 DETERMINATION OF K＋CONCENTRATION 97
2.8滤液中硫化物含量的测定 108
2.8 DETERMINATION OF SULFIDE CONTENT INMUD FILTRATE 109
2.9滤液中亚硫酸根的测定 116
2.9 DETERMINATION OF SULFITE IN FILTRATE 117
2.10钻井液中甲醛含量的测定 118
2.10 DETERMINATION OF FORMALDEHYDE INMUD 119
2.11钻井液中高分子量水解聚丙烯酰胺含量的测定 122
2.11 DETERMINATION OF H. M. W . HYDROLYZEDPOLYACRYLAMIDE IN DRILLING FLUID 123
3油基钻井液的测试程序 130
3 TESTING PROCEDURE OF OIL BASE DRILLINGFLUIDS 131
3.1水/油逆乳化钻井液电稳定性（破乳电压++的测定 130
3.1 DETERMINATION OF ELECTRICAL STABILITY OFW/O INVERT EMULSION DRILLING FLUID 131
3.2水/业逆乳化钻井液化学活度的测定 132
3.2 DETERMINATION OF CHEMICAL ACTIVITY OFW/O INVERT EMULSION DRILLING FLUID 133
3.3水/油逆乳化钻井液的钻井液碱度、氯和钙含量的测定 140
3.3 DETERMINATION OF WHOLE MUD ALKALINITY，CHLORIDES AND CALCIUM OF O/W INVERTEMULSION DRILLING FLUID 141
3.4水/油逆乳化钻井液中与含盐量、固相、水相和油相含量有关数据的计算 148
3.4 CALCULATION OF SALINITY AND SOLID， AQUEEOUSAND OIL CONTENT RELATED DATA OF THE WHOLEW/O INVERT EMULSION DRILLING FLUID 149
3.5基础油苯胺点的测定 158
3.5 DETERMINATION OF ANILINE POINT OF BASEOIL 159
4钻井液材料和添加剂 166
4 DRILLG FLUID MATERIALS＆ADDITIVES 167
4.1粘土类 166
4.1 CLAYS 167
4.2加重材料 168
4.2 WEIGHTING MATERIALS 169
4.3增稠剂／包被剂 170
4.3 VISCOSIFIERS／ENCAPSULATORS 171
4.4降滤失剂 180
4.4 FL CONTROL AGENTS 181
4.5降粘剂 188
4.5 THINNERS 189
4.6页岩抑制剂 194
4.6 SHALE INHIBITORS 195
4.7胶凝剂（或称流型调节剂） 196
4.7 GELLING AGENTS 197
4.8润滑剂 198
4.8 LUBRICANTS 199
4.9清洁剂 202
4.9 DETERGENTS 203
4.10发泡剂 204
4.10 FOAMING AGENTS 205
4.11杀菌剂 204
4.11 BACTERICIDES 205
4.12堵漏剂 206
4.12 LOST CIRCULATION MATERIALS 207
4.13解卡剂 210
4.13 PIPE FREE AGENTS 211
4 .14缓蚀剂 212
4.14 CORROSION INHIBITORS 213
4.15 消泡剂 214
4.15 DEFOAMERS 215
4.16乳化剂 216
4.16 EMULSIFIERS 217
4.17油基钻井液添加剂 218
4.17 OIL BASE DRILLING FLUID AGENTS 219
4.18无机添加剂 220
4.18 INORGANIC CHEMICALS 221
4.19其他 224
4.19 OTHERS 225
5钻井液体系 228
5 DRILLING FLUID SYSTEMS 229
5.1膨润土浆 230
5.1 BENTONITE SLURRY 231
5 .2 FCLS钻井液 234
5.2 FCLS DRILLING FLUID 235
5.3钙基钻井液 238
5.3 CALCIUM BASE DRILLING FLUID 239
5.4盐水钻井液 244
5.4 SALT WATER DRILLING FLUID 245
5.5 KCI聚合物钻井液 248
5.5 KCI-POLYMER DRILLING FLUID 249
5.6聚合物—MMH钻井液 252
5.6 POLYMER-MMH DRILLING FLUID 253
5.7聚合物—磺酸盐—MMH钻井液 258
5.7 POLYR-SULFONATES-MMH DRILLINGFLUID 259
5.8聚合醇钻井液 262
5.8 POLYRIZED-ALCOHOLS DRILLING FLUID 263
5.9硅基钻井液 266
5.9 SILICATE BASE DRILLING FLUID 267
5.10甲酸盐钻井液 270
5.10 FORMATE DRILLING FLUID 271
5.11油基钻井液 274
5.11 OIL BASE DRILLING FLUID 275
5.12油包水逆乳化钻井液 280
5.2 W/O INVERT EMULSION DRILLING FLUID 281
5.13一次性泡沫钻井液 292
5.13 DISCHARGEABLE FOAM DRILLING FLUID 293
5.14可循环硬胶泡沫钻井液 296
5.14 RE-CIRCULATING STIFF FOAM DRILLINGFLUID 297
5.15合成基钻井液 298
5.15 SYNTHETIC BASE DRILLING FLUID 299
5.16不侵入地层钻井液 302
5.16 NON-INVASIVE DRILLING FLUID 303
6水基钻井液的污染和处理 306
6 CONTAMINATION＆TREATMENTS OF WATER BASEDRILLING FLUIDS 307
6.1钙、镁污染和处理 306
6.1 CALCIUM-MAGNESIUM CONTAMINATION＆TREATNTS 307
6.2水泥—石灰污染和处理 312
6.2 CEMENT-LIME CONTAMINATION＆TREATMENTS 313
6.3盐侵和处理 316
6.3 SODIUM CHLORIDE CONTAMINATION＆TREATNTS 317
6.4碳酸根和重碳酸根污染和处理 320
6.4 CARBONATE＆BICARBONATE CONTAMINATION＆TREATNT 321
6.5硫化氢H2S污染的处理 324
6.5 HYDROGEN SULFIDE CONTAMINATION＆TREATNT 325
6.6原油的侵入和处理 326
6.6 CRUDE OIL INTRUSION＆TREATNT 327
7油气井压力控制 330
7 OIL＆GAS WELL PRESSURE CONTROL 331
7.1井内的各种压力 330
7.1 DIFFERENT PRESSURES IN WELL BORE 331
7.2井底压力变化与井下复杂情况 344
7.2 VARIATION OF BOTTOM-HOLE PRESSUREAND DOWN HOLE TROUBLES 345
7.3井喷发生的原因和高压油气层的显示和判断 352
7.3 CAUSES OF BLOWOUT AND IDENTIFICATION OFABNORMAL PRESSURE FORMATIONS 353
7.4压井方法 360
7.4 PRESSURE CONTROL THODS 361
7.5钻气层和钻井液气侵 408
7.5 DRILLING IN GAS FORMATIONS AND MUD GASCUTTING 409
7.6钻井液的加重和加重钻井液的维护处理 416
7.6 MUD WEIGHTING， TREATNT ANDMAINTENANCE OF WEIGHTED MUD 417
8井漏 426
8 LOSS OF CIRCULATION 427
8.1井漏的原因和类型 426
8.1 CAUSES AND TYPES OF LOSS OF CIRCULATION 427
8.2井漏的预防 432
8.2 PREVENTION OF LOSS OF CIRCULATION 433
8.3出现程度不同井漏后的处理措施 436
8.3 REDIAL ASURES FOR LOSS OFCIRCULATION 437
9井壁稳定 444
9 BOREHOLE STABILITY 445
9.1井壁不稳定的原因 444
9.1 CAUSES OF BOREHOLE INSTABILITY 445
9.2井壁不稳定的显示和判断 452
9.2 INDICATIONS AND JUDGENTS OF BOREHOLEINSTABILITY 453
9.3保持井壁稳定 防止井塌 452
9.3 OBTAINING STABILIZED BOREHOLE ANDPREVENTION OF INSTABILITY 453
9.4井塌事故处理 458
9.4 BOREHOLE INSTABILITY REMEDIAL PROCEDURE 459
10卡钻 462
10 DRILL STRING STICKING 463
10.1压差卡钻 462
10.1 DIFFERENTIAL PRESSURE STICKING 463
10.2沉砂卡钻和砂桥卡钻 474
10.2 CUTTING PRECIPITATION STICKING ANDCUTTING BRIDGE STICKING 475
10.3井塌卡钻 478
10.3 FORMATION COLLAPSE STICKING 479
10.4缩径卡钻 480
10.4 SALT CREEPING AND TIGHT HOLESTICKING 481
10.5键槽卡钻 482
10.5 KEY SEATING STICKING 483
10.6落物卡钻 482
10.6 FALLING OBJECT STICKING 483
11固相控制 484
11 SOLIDS CONTROL 485
11.1钻井液中的各种固体 484
11.1 SOLIDS CONTAINED IN DRILLING FLUID 485
11.2固相控制的内容和目的 498
11 .2 CONTENTS AND PURPOSES OF SOLIDSCONTROL 499
11.3固相控制设备 500
11.3 SOLIDS CONTROL EQUIPNT 501
11.4固控设备体系的布置 530
11.4 ARRANGENTS OF SOLIDS CONTROLEQUIPNT SYSTEM 531
11.5固控设备效率评价 536
11.5 EVALUATION OF EFFICIENCY OF SOLIDSCONTROL EQUIPMENT 537
12水力学 550
12 HYDRAULICS 551
12.1流动压力损失 550
12.1 PRESSURE LOSS 551
12.2钻具运动和开泵压力激动 562
12 .2 SURGE AND SWAB PRESSURE CAUSFD BYPIPE MOVEMENT AND PUMP STARTING 563
12.3岩屑携带 566
12 .3 CUTTINGS TRANSPORT 567
12.4钻屑在环空中的百分体积含量和考虑钻屑含量的当量钻井液密度 570
12.4 DRILLED CUTTINGS CONCENTRATION ANDEFFECTIVE MUD WEIGHT IN ANNULUS 571
12.5计算实例 572
12.5 EXAMPLE 573
13完井液、修井液 600
13 COMPLETION AND WORKOVER FLUIDS 601
13.1完井液、修井液的功用、分类和性能 600
13.1 FUNCTIONS， CLASSIFICATION AND PROPERTIESOF COMPLETION AND WORKOVER FLUIDS 601
13.2清洁盐水完井液、修井液 604
13.2 CLEAR BRINE COMPLETION AND WORKOVERFLUIDS 605
13.3聚合物—盐水完井液—修井液 684
13.3 POLYMER-BRINE COMPLETION ANDWORKOVER FLUIDS 685
13.4改进的水基钻井液 696
13.4 MODIFIED WATER BASE DRILLINGFLUID 697
13.5油基完井液修井液 696
13.5 OIL BASE COMPLETION AND WORKOVERFLUIDS 697
13.6气体和充气完井液、修井液 698
13.6 GAS AND AERATED FLUIDS 699
14腐蚀 700
14 CORROSION 701
14.1电化学腐蚀 700
14.1 ELECTROCHEMICAL CORROSION 701
14.2氧腐蚀 710
14.2 OXYGEN CORROSION 711
14.3二氧化碳腐蚀 718
14.3 CO2 CORROSION 719
14.4硫化氢腐蚀 724
14.4 H2S CORROSION 725
14.5细菌腐蚀 742
14.5 BACTERIA CORROSION 743
附录 746
ANNEX 747
参考文献 820