Unit 1 Introduction to Concepts of History and Historical Writing 1
1．The Meanings of the Term History 1
2．An Overview of the Debates about Historical Writing 6
3．History's Nature 16
4．Culture and Society 23
5．The Historian and His Day 31
Unit 2 World History 41
6．Introduction to World History 41
7．A Definition of Civilization 53
8．A Comparative Analysis of France,Russia,and China 60
Unit 3 Ancient Greece 69
9．How the Greek World Grew 69
Unit 4 China 81
10．Chinese Economic History in Comparative Perspective 81
11．Chinese Science Explorations of an Ancient Tradition 91
Unit 5 Japan 100
12．Ideology and Imperial Japan 100
Unit 6 South Asia 114
13．On Some Aspects of the Historiography of Colonial India 114
Unit 7 Islamic World 126
14．Muhammad and the Appearance of Islam 126
Unit 8 Sub-Saharan Africa 139
15．Africa after Independence 139
Unit 9 Europe 150
16．From Balance of Power to World Politics 150
Unit 10 Russia and the Soviet Union 161
17．A Geographical Note 161
Unit 11 United States 172
18．George Washington and the Enlightenment 172
Unit 12 Environmental History 187
19．Silent Spring 187
Unit 13 The Practice of Historical Studies:Footnotes,Endnotes and Bibliographies 198
20．Chicago Manual of Style 198
Supplementary Reading Materials 207
Section 1 Europe 207
21．The Fundamental Characteristics of European Feudalism 207
22．The Coming of the French Revolution 211
Section 2 Latin America 214
23．Latin America since 1800 214
Section 3 United States 218
24．The Cuban Missile Crisis 218
25．I Have a Dream 224
Section 4 History of Popular Culture 229
26．The River of Rock 229
27．Rock and Roll 235
Section 5 Women's History 242
28．The Creation of Patriarchy 242
Key to Exercises 249
Glossary 261