《英语学习指要》PDF下载

  • 购买积分:17 如何计算积分?
  • 作  者:陈锡麟等编写
  • 出 版 社:上海:复旦大学出版社
  • 出版年份:1998
  • ISBN:7309020863
  • 页数:597 页
图书介绍:

第一部分 语音 1

概述 1

1.开音节和闭音节的拼读规则 1

2.元音字母组合的拼读规则 3

3.辅音字母以及辅音字母组合的拼读规则 6

4.不发音的辅音字母 9

5.-(e)s的读音规则 10

6.-ed的读音规则 11

7.单词重音 12

8.句子重音 12

9.意群 13

10.连读、失爆与同化 14

11.降调与升调 15

第二部分 语法 18

概述 18

1.名词的单数和复数形式 18

2.不可数名词 20

3.以复数形式出现的名词 21

4.有关数词的问题 22

5.名词所有格 23

6.名词的性 24

7.人称代词和无人称代词it 27

8.代词one和that 28

9.反身代词oneself 29

10.“少许”和“许多” 31

11.一组不定代词 33

12.部分否定和全部否定 35

13.不定冠词a和an 36

14.使用不定冠词a或an的场合 37

15.使用定冠词the的场合 38

16.不用冠词的场合 41

17.是形容词还是副词 43

18.形容词和副词的变形 47

19.比较的方法 49

20.有关比较结构的几个问题 50

21.没有比较含义的比较结构 51

22.形容词转化成名词 53

23.“以前”和“以后” 55

24.how long,how soon和how often 56

25.情态动词can,may和must 58

26.need和dare 59

27.used to和would 60

28.would rather和had better 61

29.情态动词后面的动词形式 63

30.规则动词和不规则动词 64

31.及物动词和不及物动词 68

32.可分割型和不可分割型动词词组 70

33.一般现在时和现在进行时 72

34.表示将来的时态 73

35.一般过去时和现在完成时 74

36.一般过去时和过去完成时 76

37.过去完成时和将来完成时 76

38.瞬时动词 77

39.时态的一致 79

40.被动语态要点 80

41.因词而异的主动和被动 82

42.虚拟语气表示非真实情况 84

43.虚拟语气表示主观意见 85

44.非限定动词的共同特点 86

45.动词不定式 88

46.现在分词和过去分词 90

47.for doing和to do 91

48.作修饰语的不定式和分词 93

49.作宾语的动词不定式和动名词 95

50.动名词和现在分词 97

51.非限定动词的时间概念 99

52.分词独立结构 100

53.主谓一致关系 101

54.几个常用介词 103

55.含介词的几种词组 106

56.介词有无规律 107

57.介词后置 109

58.介词的含义 111

59.简单句 114

60.感叹句 115

61.反意疑问句 116

62.并列复合句 117

63.状语从句 118

64.不能合用的连接词 120

65.宾语从句 121

66.直接引语和间接引语 123

67.主语从句和同位语从句 125

68.whatever和no matter what 126

69.关系代词who,which和that 127

70.关系代词和关系副词 129

71.you think两个词使问题复杂化 130

72.as的用法 132

73.倒装句 134

74.几种强调形式 135

75.可以省略的成分 138

76.常见词缀举例 141

第三部分 词汇 146

概述 146

Ⅰ.词语辨析 147

名词 147

1.accident incident event 147

2.ache pain 148

3.advantage benefit profit 149

4.alternative choice 150

5.cause reason excuse 151

6.chance opportunity 152

7.climate weather 152

8.cloth clothes clothing 153

9.contact touch 154

10.content context 156

11.country nation state power 156

12.custom habit 157

13.date day 158

14.effect impact 159

15.energy vigo(u)r 159

16.equipment device tool instrument 160

17.family home house 161

18.fare charge 162

19.fault mistake wrong blunder 163

20.fire flame 165

21.floor stor(e)y layer 166

22.form shape 166

23.game sport match event 167

24.help aid favo(u)r 168

25.job work task 170

26.land ground earth soil mud 171

27.life living 172

28.mood feeling sense 172

29.number amount quantity 174

30.opinion view 174

31.part section share 175

32.person people population individual 176

33.power force strength 178

34.practice exercise 178

35.principle principal 179

36.problem question 180

37.quantity quality 181

38.role rule 181

39.scene sight view 182

40.shade shadow 184

41.site spot scene 184

42.solution key 186

43.species breed 186

44.source resource 187

45.technique technology skill knack 188

46.tone tune 189

47.travel trip journey tour voyage 189

48.treatment cure therapy 191

49.value worth price cost 192

50.voice sound noise 193

动词 195

51.accept receive 195

52.accomplish achieve 196

53.add increase 197

54.admire envy 198

55.advise persuade 198

56.agree promise 199

57.allow permit let 200

58.appear seem look 202

59.amuse entertain interest 204

60.answer reply 205

61.arrive reach get 205

62.appreciate enjoy 207

63.ask beg demand require 208

64.ask inquire question 210

65.attend be present 211

66.awake wake awaken 212

67.award reward 213

68.beat defeat win 214

69.beat hit strike 214

70.blare blow 216

71.borrow lend 216

72.bring take fetch carry send 216

73.complete finish 218

74.consider regard 219

75.consist compose 220

76.contain include involve 221

77.cost pay spend 222

78.damage destroy harm wreck 223

79.decline reduce 225

80.defend protect guard 226

81.depend rely 227

82.discover invent develop 228

83.divide separate isolate 229

84.dress put on wear have on 230

85.fall drop sink 231

86.feed raise support 232

87.fit install fix 234

88.flow float 234

89.fit suit match 235

90.fix repair mend 236

91.get obtain gain 237

92.glance scan skim browze 239

93.happen occur take place 240

94.hope wish expect desire 241

95.inform remind warn 243

96.injure hurt wound 245

97.insist persevere 246

98.knock bump 247

99.know meet recognize realize 248

100.lie lay 249

101.listen hear 250

102.look see 251

103.lose miss 252

104.memorize/-rise recite remember 254

105.neglect ignore 255

106.need require want 255

107.pick collect 258

108.produce manufacture 259

109.provide supply offer 259

110.refuse reject decline withhold 260

111.relax relieve 261

112.review revise 263

113.rise raise lift 263

114.say speak talk tell 265

115.seat sit 267

116.spare spend take pass 268

117.stop pause 269

118.suggest propose 270

119.threaten frighten 271

120.treat cure heal 271

121.try manage 273

122.watch notice observe 274

动词与动词+副词或介词 274

123.believe believe in 274

124.do with deal with 275

125.end end up 276

126.find find out 277

127.grow grow up 278

128.join join in take part in participate 278

129.play play with 280

130.search search for 281

131.sell sell out 282

132.stay stay up 283

形容词 283

133.able capable 283

134.alive living live lively vivid 284

135.all whole 286

136.alone lonely 286

137.asleep sleepy 287

138.aware conscious 288

139.close closed 289

140.certain sure 290

141.common general ordinary average 291

142.considerate considerable 293

143.correct right exact real true 293

144.current present 294

145.damp wet 295

146.dead deadly 296

147.different separate various 296

148.efficient effective 298

149.favo(u)rite favo(u)rable popular 298

150.fit suitable 299

151.folk human 300

152.freezing frozen 300

153.glad happy merry cheerful 301

154.ill sick 302

155.elderly aged senior 303

156.older/oldest elder/eldest 304

157.only single 304

158.personal private 305

159.pleasant pleasing pleased 306

160.possible probable likely 307

161.professional specialized 308

162.recent latest last 309

163.same similar 310

164.special particular 311

165.strict severe serious 311

166.terrible terrified 313

167.usual normal regular 314

168.worth worthy worthwhile 314

副词 315

169.ago before 315

170.aloud loud loudly 316

171.almost nearly 317

172.already yet still 318

173.altogether all together 319

174.barely hardly 320

175.continually continuously 320

176.fairly rather 321

177.late later lately 322

178.most mostly 323

179.near nearby 324

180.presently recently shortly 324

181.pretty prettily 325

182.sometime some time sometimes 326

183.specially especially particularly 326

184.too either also 327

185.usually as usual 328

其他 329

186.lack(of) short(of) 329

187.except/but besides in addition(to) 329

Ⅱ.多义词 332

188.accustom 332

189.admit 332

190.affect 333

191.afford 333

192.afraid 334

193.arrange 335

194.assign 335

195.assure 336

196.audience 336

197.available 337

198.bear 337

199.blame 338

200.block 339

201.bore 340

202.care 340

203.cause 341

204.claim 341

205.convenient 342

206.curious 342

207.corner 343

208.delay 343

209.deserve 344

210.devote 344

211.die 345

212.drown 345

213.escape 346

214.fail 347

215.hang 348

216.instead 348

217.leave 349

218.long 350

219.loose 350

220.loss 351

221.marry 351

222.matter 352

223.mean 353

224.mind 354

225.object 355

226.offend 356

227.open 356

228.order 357

229.perform 358

230.prepare 359

231.pretend 360

232.prevent 361

233.prove 361

234.range 362

235.regret 363

236.remain 363

237.rest 364

238.risk 365

239.room 365

240.serve 366

241.share 366

242.smell 367

243.stick 368

244.substitute 369

245.thorough 370

246.weigh 370

247.welcome 371

248.word 372

249.worry 372

Ⅲ.常用词构成的习语 373

250.all 373

251.break 375

252.call 376

253.care 377

254.charge 378

255.come 379

256.die 380

257.distance 380

258.far 381

259.free 382

260.get 383

261.give 384

262.go 386

263.good 387

264.hand 387

265.hear 388

266.hold 389

267.keep 389

268.know 391

269.learn 392

270.long 392

271.look 393

272.make 395

273.moment 396

274.own 396

275.pass 397

276.pick 398

277.put 398

278.read 400

279.result 400

280.set 401

281.take 402

282.think 403

283.time 404

284.try 406

285.turn 407

286.wait 408

287.way 408

288.work 409

第四部分 交际功能 411

概述 411

1.Greetings(问候) 411

2.Saying Goodbye(道别) 413

3.Making Telephone Calls(打电话) 415

4.Asking the Way(问路) 418

5.Telling Time and Dates(时间与日期) 420

6.Making Introductions(介绍) 422

7.Giving Thanks(感谢) 424

8.Making Apologies and Granting Forgiveness(道歉与宽恕) 426

9.Offering Help(提供帮助) 428

10.Asking for Permission(请求允许) 430

11.Showing Agreement or Disagreement(同意或不同意) 432

12.Expressing Certainty or Uncertainty(确定或不确定) 434

13.Talking About Likes or Dislikes(谈论爱憎) 436

14.Doing Shopping(购物) 437

15.Eating at a Restaurant(在餐厅就餐) 439

16.Talking About the Weather(谈论天气) 441

17.Expressing Desires and Intentions(愿望与打算) 443

18.Expressing Good Wishes and Congratulations(祝愿与祝贺) 445

19.Showing Sympathy and Encouragement(表示同情与鼓励) 446

20.Prohibitions and Warnings(禁止与警告) 448

21.Showing Surprise and Worry(表示惊讶与担忧) 450

22.Making Requests and Giving Instructions(请求与指导) 451

23.Giving Advice and Suggestions(劝告与建议) 453

24.Asking for Repetition(请求重复) 455

25.Getting People's Ideas(征求看法) 457

26.Showing Satisfaction or Dissatisfaction(满意或不满意) 458

27.Showing Disappointment(表示失望) 460

28.Expressing Reproaches(表示责备) 462

29.Seeing a Doctor(看医生) 464

30.Expressing Obligation and Necessity(义务与需要) 465

31.Denying Something(否认) 467

32.Expressing Preference(偏爱) 469

33.Expressing Pleasure or Displeasure(表示高兴或不高兴) 471

34.Requesting Assistance(请求帮助) 472

35.Expressing Ability and Inability(能与不能) 475

36.Asking for and Reporting Information(询问与报告信息) 477

37.Accepting or Declining Invitations(接受或谢绝邀请) 478

第五部分 阅读 481

概述 481

Ⅰ.影响理解的主要因素 482

Ⅱ.各种题材短文举例及择要分析 487

Ⅲ.阅读实践 514

第六部分 英语写作 537

概述 537

Ⅰ.句子的写作 537

1.避免常见的语病 538

2.注意句子的多样性 555

Ⅱ.短文写作 562

1.短文的种类和基本结构 562

2.记叙文 565

3.议论文 574

Ⅲ.应用文的写作 576

1.信函 576

2.便条 592

3.通知 595

4.海报 596