0.Introduction 1
1.Translation studies as an independent discipline 7
1.1 Translation and traditional language study 7
1.2 Literary and linguistic orientations 8
1.2.1 The dichotomy of word and sense 9
1.2.2 Categories and principles 11
1.2.3 The illusion of equivalence 13
1.2.4 Translation as manipulation 22
1.3.1 Prototype and gestalt 26
1.3 Categorization and text-type 26
1.3.2 Text-typologies and the prototypology 29
1.4 An integrated approach 31
2.Translation as a cross-cultural event 39
2.1 Language and culture 39
2.2 Recent translation theories 43
2.3 System，norm and text 48
2.4 Dimension and perspective 51
2.4.1 The translation of metaphor 55
3.1 Linguistics and translation 65
3.Translation, text and language 65
3.2 Text analysis 69
3.3 Scenes-and-frames semantics 79
3.4 Speech acts and parallel texts 86
3.5 Dynamics in meaning 93
3.5.1 Interlingual relationships 105
4.From special language to literary translation 111
4.1 The status of the source text 111
4.2 The factor of style 119
4.2.1 Style and convention 123
4.3 An integrated approach confirmed 128
5.Translation studies——future perspectives 131
5.1.1987(First Edition) 131
5.2.1995(Revised Edition) 133
Appendix 137
List of source texts 149
List of dictionaries 151
Bibliography 153
Index of Names 167
Index of Key Terms 169