Chapter 1 Introduction 1
Ⅰ．Development of Pharmacology 1
Ⅱ．New Drug Research 2
Chapter 2 Pharmacodynamics 3
Ⅰ．General Classification of Drug Effects 3
Ⅱ．Dose-Effect Relationship 4
Ⅲ．Receptor Theory and Drug Receptor Interaction 6
Ⅳ．Receptor Families and Their Transducer and Effector Molecules 9
Ⅴ．Relationship Between Regulatory Mechanisms of Receptors and the Pharmacological Action 11
Ⅵ．Mechanism of Action 12
Chapter 3 Pharmacokinetics 13
Ⅰ．Drug Transport across Membranes 13
Ⅱ．The Dynamics of Drug Absorption,Distribution,and Elimination 14
Ⅲ．General Principles of Pharmacokinetics 19
Chapter 4 Pharmacogenetics 24
Ⅰ．The Objectives of Research in Pharmacogenetics 24
Ⅱ．The Effect of Genetic Factors on Drug Reactions 25
Ⅲ．The Racial Difference of Drug Reaction and Metabolism 29
Chapter 5 Autonomic Pharmacology 31
Ⅰ．Anatomy and Neurotransmitter Chemistry of the Autonomic Nervous System 31
Ⅱ．Biosynthesis and Metabolism of Transmitters 32
Ⅲ．Locations of Autonomic Receptors 35
Ⅳ．Presynaptic Regulation of Transmitter Release 36
Ⅴ．Functional Organization of Autonomic Activity 38
Ⅵ．Coupling Mechanism of Receptor-effect 39
Ⅶ．Mode of Action of Autonomic Nervous System Drugs 40
Ⅷ．Classification of Autonomic Nervous System Drugs 41
Chapter 6 Cholinoceptor-Activating and Cholinesterase-Inhibiting Drugs 42
Ⅰ．Direct-acting Cholinoceptor Stimulants 42
Ⅱ．Cholinesterase Inhibitors 44
Chapter 7 Organophosphates Anticholinesterase Intoxication and Cholinesterase Reactivators 47
Ⅰ．Organophosphates Anticholinesterase Intoxication 47
Ⅱ．Cholinesterase Reactivator 48
Chapter 8 M Cholinoceptor Antagonists 50
Ⅰ．Natural M Cholinoceptor Blocking Drugs 50
Ⅱ．Synthetic Spasmolytic Drugs 53
Chapter 9 N Cholinoceptor Antagonists 54
Ⅰ．N1 Cholinoceptor Blocking Drugs 54
Ⅱ．N2 Cholinoceptor Blocking Drugs 55
Chapter 10 Adrenoceptor-Activating Drugs 58
Ⅰ．Chemical Structure 58
Ⅱ．Classification 59
Ⅲ．Mixed α and β Receptor Agonists 60
Ⅳ．α Receptor Agonists 63
Ⅴ．β Receptor Agonists 64
Ⅵ．Dopaminergic Receptor Agonists 66
Chapter 11 Adrenoceptor Blocking Drugs 69
Ⅰ．α Receptor Antagonists 69
Ⅱ．β Receptor Antagonists 73
Ⅲ．α,β Receptor Antagonists 76
Chapter 12 Sedative-Hypnotics Drugs 78
Ⅰ．Introduction 78
Ⅱ．Benzodiazepines 79
Ⅲ．Barbiturates 83
Ⅳ．Other Sedative-Hypnotics 85
Chapter 13 Antiepileptic Drugs 88
Ⅰ．Classification of Seizure Types 88
Ⅱ．Drugs Used in Seizures 89
Ⅲ．Selectivity and Withdrawal of Antiepileptic Drugs 94
Ⅳ．Anticonvulsant Drugs 95
Chapter 14 Psychotropic Drugs 97
Ⅰ．Antipsychotic Drugs 97
Ⅱ．Antimanic Drugs 103
Ⅲ．Antidepressants 105
Chapter 15 Antiparkinsonism Drugs 108
Ⅰ．Dopaminergic Drugs 108
Ⅱ．Anticholinergic Drugs 111
Ⅲ．Others 112
Chapter 16 Antipyretic-Analgesic and Antiinflammatory Drugs 113
Ⅰ．Introduction 113
Ⅱ．Salicylates 115
Ⅲ．Anilines 117
Ⅳ．Pyrazolones 117
Ⅴ．Others 118
Ⅵ．Analgesic Compounds 120
Ⅶ．Slow Acting Antirheumatic Drugs 120
Ⅷ．Antigout Drugs 121
Chapter 17 Narcotic Analgesics 123
Ⅰ．Introduction 123
Ⅱ．Opioid Receptor Agonists 125
Ⅲ．Opioid Receptor Antagonists 130
Chapter 18 Central Stimulants 132
Ⅰ．Cerebral Stimulants 132
Ⅱ．Medullary Stimulants 135
Chapter 19 Drugs Used in the Treatment of Heart Failure 136
Ⅰ．Pathophysiology of Congestive Heart Failure 136
Ⅱ．Diuretics 138
Ⅲ．Aldosterone Antagonists 138
Ⅳ．Inhibitors of RAAS:ACEI and AT1 Receptor Antagonists 138
Ⅴ．β Adrenergic Receptor Blocking Agents 139
Ⅵ．Vasodilators 139
Ⅶ．Cardiac Glycosides 139
Ⅷ．β Adrenergic Receptor Stimulators 146
Ⅸ．Phosphodiesterase Inhibitors 147
Chapter 20 Antihypertensive Drugs 148
Ⅰ．Introduction 148
Ⅱ．Drugs that Alter Sodium and Water Balance 150
Ⅲ．Drugs that Alter Sympathetic Nervous System Function 152
Ⅳ．Vasodilators 156
Ⅴ．Drugs that Interfere with the Renin-Angiotensin System 160
Ⅵ．Clinical Pharmacology of Antihypertensive Drugs 162
Chapter 21 Anti-Angina Pectoris Drugs 164
Ⅰ．Introduction 164
Ⅱ．Nitrates and Nitrites 165
Ⅲ．Calcium Channel Blockers 167
Ⅳ．β Receptor Antagonists 167
Chapter 22 Antiarhythmic Drugs 170
Ⅰ．Introduction 170
Ⅱ．Class IA 174
Ⅲ．Class IB 176
Ⅳ．Class IC 178
Ⅴ．Class Ⅱ 178
Ⅵ．Class Ⅲ 179
Ⅶ．Class Ⅳ 180
Ⅷ．Others 181
Chapter 23 Antihyperlipidemic Drugs 184
Ⅰ．Atherogenesis 184
Ⅱ．Lipoprotein Transport 185
Ⅲ．Dyslipidaemia 186
Ⅳ．Antihyperlipidemic Drugs 186
Chapter 24 Diuretic and Dehydrant Drugs 191
Ⅰ．Kidney Structure and Function 191
Ⅱ．Diuretics 193
Ⅲ．Osmotic Diuretics(Mannitol,Sorbitol,Glucose,Urea) 198
Chapter 25 Antiasthmatic Drugs 199
Ⅰ．Bronchodilators 199
Ⅱ．Anti-Inflammatory Drugs 203
Chapter 26 Drugs Used in Gastrointestinal Diseases 206
Ⅰ．Drugs Used to Treat Peptic Ulcer 206
Ⅱ．Antiemetic Drugs 210
Ⅲ．Antidiarrheal Drugs 212
Ⅳ．Laxatives 212
Chapter 27 Drugs Affecting Uterine Motility 214
Ⅰ．Drugs that Stimulate Uterine Contraction 214
Ⅱ．Drugs that Inhibit Uterine Contraction 216
Chapter 28 Anticoagulants and Coagulants 217
Ⅰ．Introduction 217
Ⅱ．Anticoagulants 219
Ⅲ．Antiplatelet Drugs 223
Ⅳ．Fibrinolytic Drugs 225
Ⅴ．Coagulants 226
Chapter 29 Histamine and Antihistamine Drugs 228
Ⅰ．Histamine 228
Ⅱ．H1 Receptor Antagonists 231
Ⅲ．H2 Receptor Antagonists 232
Chapter 30 Adrenocorticosteroids 234
Ⅰ．Introduction 234
Ⅱ．Glucocorticoids 235
Ⅲ．Mineralocorticoids 243
Chapter 31 Drugs Affecting the Thyroid Gland 245
Ⅰ．Thyroid Hormone(TH) 245
Ⅱ．Antithyroid Drugs 247
Chapter 32 Antidiabetic Drugs 250
Ⅰ．Insulin 250
Ⅱ．Oral Hypoglycemic Drugs 254
Ⅲ．Current Treatment Options 258
Chapter 33 Introduction to Antibacterial Drugs 259
Ⅰ．Specialty Terms 259
Ⅱ．Antimicrobial Mechanisms 260
Ⅲ．Mechanism of Resistance to Antibiotics 261
Chapter 34 Synthetic Antimicrobial Drugs 263
Ⅰ．Sulfonamides 263
Ⅱ．Trimethoprim 265
Ⅲ．Quinolones 268
Chapter 35 β-Lactam Antibiotics 272
Ⅰ．Penicillins 272
Ⅱ．Cephalosporins 278
Ⅲ．Other β-Lactam Drugs 281
Chapter 36 Macrolides,Lincosamides and Glycopeptides 284
Ⅰ．Macrolides 284
Ⅱ．Lincosamides 288
Ⅲ．Glycopeptides 290
Chapter 37 Broad-Spectrum Antibiotics 292
Ⅰ．Tetracyclines 292
Ⅱ．Chloramphenicols 296
Chapter 38 Aminoglycosides and Polypeptides 299
Ⅰ．Aminoglycosides 299
Ⅱ．Polypeptides 305
Chapter 39 Antifungal Drugs 306
Ⅰ．Antibiotics 306
Ⅱ．Azole Antifungal Drugs 307
Ⅲ．Allylamine Antifungal Drugs 308
Ⅳ．Pyrimidine Antifungal Drugs 308
Chapter 40 Antiviral Drugs 310
Ⅰ．Anti-Human Immunodeficiency Virus Drugs 311
Ⅱ．Anti-Herpersvirus Drugs 318
Ⅲ．Anti-Influenza Drugs 324
Ⅳ．Anti-Hepacivirus Drugs 328
Chapter 41 Antimycobacterial Drugs 332
Ⅰ．Introduction 332
Ⅱ．First-Line Drugs Used in Tuberculosis 332
Ⅲ．Alternative Second-Line Drugs in Treatment of Tuberculosis 337
Ⅳ．Combination Chemotherapy ofTuberculosis 339
Chapter 42 Antimalarial Drugs 340
Ⅰ．Plasmodium Life Cycles and Action of Antimalarial Drugs 340
Ⅱ．Antimalarial Drugs Mainly Applied to Control Symptoms 341
Ⅲ．Antimalarial Drugs Mainly Applied to Control Relapse and Transmission 351
Ⅳ．Antimalarial Drugs MainlyApplied to Causal Prophylaxis 352
Chapter 43 Amebicides 355
Ⅰ．Life Cycles of Entamoeba Histolytica and Action of Amebicides 355
Ⅱ．Luminal Amebicides 356
Ⅲ．Extraintestinal Amebicides 359
Ⅳ．Luminal and Simultaneously Extraintestinal Amebicides 360
Chapter 44 Anthelmintic Drugs 364
Ⅰ．Nematocides 364
Ⅱ．Taeniacides 366
Ⅲ．Anti-Trematode Drugs 366
Chapter 45 Antineoplastic Drugs 369
Ⅰ．Introduction 369
Ⅱ．Cytotoxic Drugs 372
Ⅲ．Non-Cytotoxic Drugs 378
References 382