Acknowledgements 1
Introduction 1
1 Key issues in Second Language Acquisition 4
2 The role of the first language 19
3 Interlanguage and the 'natural' route of development 42
4 Variability in interlangrage 75
5 Individual learner differences and Second Ianguage Acquisition 99
6 Input,interaction,and Second Language Acquisition 127
7 Learnert strategies 164
8 The Universal Hypothesis and Second Language Acquisition 190
9 The role of formal instruction in Second Language Acaquisition 215
10 Theories of Second Language Acquisition 248
Conclusion 283
Glossary 292
References 307
Index 324