Introduction 1
Section 1 What is ESP? 5
1 The origins of ESP 6
2 The development of ESP 9
3 ESP: approach not product 16
Section 2 Course design 21
4 Language descriptions 24
5 Theories of learning 39
6 Needs analysis 53
7 Approaches to course design 65
Section 3 Application 79
8 The syllabus 80
9 Materials evaluation 96
10 Materials design 106
11 Methodology 128
12 Evaluation 144
Section 4 The role of the ESP teacher 157
13 Orientation 158
Appendix: resources 170
Bibliography 174
Acknowledgements 180
Index 181