Chapter Ⅰ Composing Basics 1
1．Preparing Your Writing 1
2．Preliminary Shaping:A Rough Draft 14
3．Revising 17
4．Editing and Proofreading 21
5．Writing with a Computer 22
Chapter Ⅱ Grammar Essential 26
1．Part of Speech 26
2．Part of Sentences 30
3．Phrases 32
4．Clauses 33
5．Types of Sentences 33
Chapter Ⅲ ESL Basics:Use of Grammar 35
1．Verbs 35
2．Nouns 49
3．The Articles:a/an and the 52
4．Quantifiers 53
5．Adjectives 55
6．Adverbials 57
7．Prepositions 60
8．Phrasal Verbs and Prepositional Idioms 63
Chapter Ⅳ Editing for Grammar 66
1．Subject-Verb Agreement 66
2．Use Verbs in the Correct Mood 69
3．Use the Active Voice 69
4．Pronoun Problems 70
5．Adjectives and Adverbs 72
6．Sentences 73
7．Subordination and Coordination 74
8．Emphasis 75
Chapter Ⅴ Choice of Words 76
1．Using Words Precisely 76
2．Use Words Appropriately 79
3．Using Words Concisely 82
4．Bias in Writing 86
5．Use of the Dictionary 88
6．Use of The Thesaurus 91
Chapter Ⅵ Editorial Style(Ⅰ)—Punctuation 92
1 Commas 92
2．Semicolon 97
3．Colon 98
4．Quotatin Marks 99
5．Apostrophe 100
6．Hyphens 102
7．Other Punctuation Marks 103
Chapter Ⅶ Editorial Style(Ⅱ) 109
1．Capitalization 109
2．Abbreviations 113
3．Numbers and Dates 115
4．Italics and Underlining 117
5．Illustrations:Caption and Legend 119
6．Spelling 120
Chapter Ⅷ Formatting Essentials 129
1．Basic formatting requirements 129
2．Basic Requirements in MLA and APA Formats for Academic Manuscripts 134
3．Formatting in Business Documents 136
Chapter Ⅸ Paragraph Writing 151
1．Introduction 151
2．Types of Paragraphs 151
3．Three Characteristics of an Effective Paragraph 152
4．Patterns of Paragraph Development and Organization 161
Chapter Ⅹ Summary Writing 168
1．The Importance of Summaries 168
2． Contents of a Summary 168
3．Writing a Summary 170
4．Evaluative Summaries 174
5．Minutes 178
6．Abstract 182
Chapter Ⅺ Essay Examination 185
1．Essay-Length Answers 185
2．Paragraph-length Answers 190
Chapter Ⅻ Argumentation Essay;Writing about Literature 192
1．Introduction 192
2．Writing an Argumentative Essay 192
3．Writing about Literature 203
Chapter ⅩⅢ The Research Paper 215
1．Understanding research process 215
2．Use of library:Conducting library research 218
3．Preparing for Your Research Paper 226
4．Writing and Arranging Your Research Paper 235
5．Preparing and Final Editing the Final Draft 243
6 Sample Research Papers 245
Chapter ⅩⅣ Proposal for Research Paper 266
1．Writing a successful proposal for Research Paper 266
2．Proposals for research paper 268
Chapter ⅩⅤ Writing a Successful Research Report 281
1．The Importance to Write a Research Report 281
2．Organization of a Research Report 281
3．Preparation for a Research Report 291
4．General Writing Guidelines:Grammatical Considerations 293
Chapter ⅩⅥ Questionnaire Preparation and Reporting 294
1．The Usefulness of Questionnaires 294
2．Questionnaire Design 297
3．Questionnaire Administration 308
4．Interpretation of the Results 312
5．Writing Effective Questionnaire Reports 314
6．Conclusion 320
Chapter ⅩⅦ Writing Oral Reports 321
1．Informal oral reports 321
2．Formal Speeches 322
3．An Oral Presentation of a Written Report 335
Chapter ⅩⅧ MLA-style Documentation 336
1．MLA Reference in-text Citations(parenthetical citation) 336
2．MLA List of Works Cited 341
3．MLA Information Notes:Footnotes and Endnotes 355
Chapter ⅩⅨ APA-Style Documentation and Other Documentation Styles 357
1．General APA Formatting Guidelines 357
2．Directory to APA Reference in-text Citations 359
3．APA Reference List 363
4．Footnotes and Endnotes 372
5．Sample APA-style research paper 372
6．Chicago Manual Documentation Style(CMS) 382
Bibliography 391