Ⅰ. Listening Comprehension 1
Part A Similar Statements 1
Ⅰ Computations 6
Ⅱ Restatements 10
Ⅲ Negatives 14
Ⅳ Comparatives 18
Ⅴ Conditionals 23
Ⅵ Concessions 28
Part B Short Conversations 32
Ⅶ Computations 36
Ⅷ Identification 39
Ⅸ Direct Meaning 43
Ⅹ Implied Meaning 46
ⅩⅠ Review 51
Part C Mini-talks 55
ⅩⅡ Categorizing the Listening Selection 56
ⅩⅢ Anticipating Possible Questions 57
ⅩⅣ Practice Exercises for Mini-talks 58
1 Overheard Conversations 58
2 News Report 60
3 Informative Talk for General Public 62
4 Announcement and Advertisement 64
5 Personal Account 66
6 Academic Statement 69
7 Weather Report 71
8 Informative Speeches for Students 72
Transcripts for the Listening Comprehension Practice Exercises 74
Answer Key to Exercises 132
Model Tests 136
Transcripts for Model Tests 170
Answer Key to Model Tests 201
Ⅱ. Structure and Written Expressio 203
Item Ⅰ The Number of Nouns 204
Item Ⅱ The Possessive Case of Nouns 211
Item Ⅲ Problems with Pronouns 213
Item Ⅳ Problems with Tense Usages 219
Item Ⅴ Problems with the Voice of Verbs 224
Item Ⅵ Problems with the Subjunctive Mood 226
Item Ⅶ Link Verbs 229
Item Ⅷ Problems with Verbals 231
Item Ⅸ Problems with Abridged Dependent Clauses and Participial Phrases 233
Item Ⅹ Comparisons 239
Item ⅩⅠ Inversion 243
Item ⅩⅡ Parallelism 247
Item ⅩⅢ Problems of Wordiness 252
Item ⅩⅣ Problems with Correct Usage 256
Answer Key to Focused Exercises 265
Model Tests 269
Answer Key to Model Tests 301
Ⅲ. Vocabulary and Reading Comprehension 303
Part A Vocabulary 303
Ⅰ Roots and Affixes 306
Ⅱ Synonyms 331
Ⅲ Commonly Misused and Confusingly Related Words 345
Ⅳ Important Affixes and Roots 353
1 Prefixes 353
2 Suffixes 356
3 Roots 359
Answer Key to Exercises 366
Model Tests 370
Answer Key to Model Tests 390
Part B Reading Comprehension 392
Ⅰ Finding the Main Idea of a Selection 392
Ⅱ Finding Specific Detail 410
Ⅲ Finding Implications and Drawing Infer-ences 441
Ⅳ Determining the Meaning of Strange Words 461
Ⅴ Determining Special Techniques Used by the Author 468
Answer Key to Exercises 471
Model Tests 475
Answer Key to Model Tests 525
Ⅳ. Essay Writing 527
A General Advice for Writing an Essay 539
B Specimen Essays 543
C Suggested Topics for Your Reference 549
Appendix 559
Ⅰ TOEFLTest， May 10， 1986 559
Ⅱ Key to TOEFL Test， May 10， 1986 584
Ⅲ TOEFL Examinee Information Slip 585
Ⅳ Application for Admission to Study 586
Ⅴ Student’s Declaration of Finances 588