Introduction 1

1 Model Ⅰ:The Rational Actor 13

A Rigorous Model of Action 16

A Rational Actor Paradigm 23

The Classical Model Illustrated 26

Variants and Uses of the Classical Model 48

2 The Cuban Missile Crisis:A First Cut 77

Why Did the Soviet Union Decide to Place Offensive Missiles in Cuba? 78

Why Did the United States Respond to the Missile Deployment with a Blockade? 109

Why Did the Soviet Union Withdraw the Missiles? 121

3 Model Ⅱ:Organizational Behavior 143

Organizational Logic and Efficiency 147

Organizational Logic and Organizational Culture 153

Interactive Complexity 158

NASA:Hero and Goat 160

Organizational Behavior Paradigm 163

4 The Cuban Missile Crisis:A Second Cut 197

Deployment of Soviet Missiles in Cuba 201

Imposition of a U.S.Blockade of Cuba 217

The Withdrawal of Soviet Missiles from Cuba 236

5 Model Ⅲ:Governmental Politics 255

The Governmental Politics Model Illustrated 258

Group Processes and Their Effects on Choices and Action 263

A Governmental Politics Paradigm 294

6 The Cuban Missile Crisis:A Third Cut 325

The Imposition of a Blockade by the United States 329

Soviet Withdrawal of the Missiles from Cuba 347

7 Conclusion 379

Summing Up:Differences in Interpretation 379

Summing Up:Different Answers or Different Questions? 385

Where Do We Go from Here? 389

Index 408