Chapter 1．Introduction—Why the Policymaking Process Matters 1
Overview of This Book 1
Situating the Tools,Techniques,and Processes in the Existing Literature 4
The Importance of Procedural Legitimacy in Building Policy Support 6
Presidential Management and Procedural Legitimacy 11
Conclusion 17
Key Terms 17
Review Questions 18
Part Ⅰ．The Policy Makers 19
Chapter 2．The Policy Councils 19
The Policy Councils and the Structure of the Executive Branch 19
How the Policy Councils Operate and Why They Are Important 22
Inside the White House Policy Councils 26
The National Security Council 26
The National Economic Council 29
The Domestic Policy Council 31
The George W.Bush Administration and the NEC and DPC 34
Key Agencies within the Executive Office of the President 35
The Council on Environmental Quality 35
The Council of Economic Advisers 36
The Office of National Drug Control Policy 36
The Office of Science and Technology Policy 37
Conclusion 37
Key Terms 38
Review Questions 38
Chapter 3．The White House Staff 39
Working on the White House Staff 39
Other Key Players in the White House Office 40
Chief of Staff 42
The Office of Legislative Affairs 43
The Office of Intergovernmental Affairs 44
The Office of Political Affairs 45
The Office of Cabinet Affairs 45
Interaction with the Public 46
The Office of Public Liaison 46
The Office of Communications,the Speechwriting Office,and the Press Office 47
The White House"Gatekeepers" 48
The Office of Scheduling and Oval Office Operations 49
The Staff Secretary 50
The White House Counsel 51
Conclusion 52
Key Terms 52
Review Questions 53
Chapter 4．Agencies and Policy Implementation 54
Executive Agencies and Departments and Executive Branch Policy Making 54
The Role of Agencies 55
Inplementing Policy Decisions 59
Executive Orders and Other Executive Actions 59
Submitting Legislation 61
Regulations and the Rule-making Process 62
Conclusion 68
Key Terms 68
Review Questions 69
Part Ⅱ．Tools of the Trade 70
Chapter 5．Policy-making Memoranda 70
The Tools of Policy Making 70
The Role of Memoranda 72
The Decision-making Memorandum 73
The Action-forcing Event 74
Background Information and Analysis 76
Policy Options 76
Recommendation 77
Decision 77
The Information Memoranda 79
Summary Section 80
Discussion Section 80
The Weekly Report 80
Conclusion 82
Key Terms 83
Review Questions 84
Chapter 6．Polling and the Policy-making Process 85
Polling and Policy Making:Myths and Realities 85
Polling Basics 89
The Questions 91
The Respondents 93
The Results 95
Who Polls for the White House 96
The Role of the Office of Political Affairs 98
When to Poll Policy Ideas 100
Conclusion 101
Key Terms 102
Review Questions 102
Chapter 7．Legislative Clearance and Coordination:SAPs,LRMs,and Other Policy Acronyms 103
Legislative Clearance and Coordination 103
Legislative Responsibility in the Executive Branch 104
The Clearance Process 106
Legislative Proposals 106
Clearance of Agency Testimony and Reports on Pending Legislation 108
Statement of Administration Policy 108
Enrolled Bills 108
Conclusion 110
Key Terms 110
Review Questins 111
Chapter 8．Communicating and Marketing Policy 112
The Importance of Communicating and Marketing Policy 112
Speechwriting 114
Communications 116
Press Office 117
Conclusion 122
Key Terms 123
Review Questions 123
Part Ⅲ．Case Studies 125
Chapter 9．Welfare Reform during the Clinton Administration 125
Welfare Reform and the Political Process 125
The Early Phase:Decentralization,Debate,and Deadlock 126
Strain Towards Agreement 128
Phase Ⅱ:Action,Response,and Resolution 133
The Centralization of Authority 134
Redirecting the Tools and Mobilizing Support 135
Conclusion:Making the Process Work 141
Key Terms 143
Review Questions 143
Chapter 10．The Clinton Economic Plan 144
The Economic Plan and the Political Process 144
Phase Ⅰ:The Economic Plan and the NEC 146
Establishing the Management Role of the NEC 148
The NEC Process 150
Communicating and Marketing the Economic Plan 152
Phase Ⅱ:Securing Passage of the Bill 153
Conclusions and Lessons Learned 157
Key Terms 158
Review Questions 158
Chapter 11．Desert Shield and Desert Storm 159
Security Crises and the Political Process 159
Responding to the Crisis 161
The Initial Response 162
The Delicate but Vital Matter of Inclusion 166
Containment and the Decision to Double U.S.Ground Forces 170
Conclusion 174
Key Terms 174
Review Questions 174
Part Ⅳ．Scenarios 175
Chapter 12．Practice Scenarios 175
Practice Scenarios 175
Scenario One:Taiwan Straits Crisis 176
Scenario Two:U.S.Economic Recession 180
Scenario Three:Campaign Finance Reform 181
Scenario Four:United States-European Environmental Negotiations 182
Index 185