1．Introduction 1
1.1 Neutrino Oscillations 1
1.1.1 Experiments 1
1.1.2 Phenomenology 2
1.2 Three-family Oscillations and CP or T Violation 4
1.2.1 How to measure leptonic CP violation 5
1.2.2 The problem of degenerate solutions 9
1.3 Experimental Setups 9
1.3.1 Conventional neutrino beams 9
1.3.2 First generation long-baseline experiments 10
1.3.3 Second generation long-baseline experiments 13
1.3.4 Next generation conventional neutrino beams 16
1.4 Why Look For New Concepts in Neutrino Beams？ 21
1.5 New Concepts on Neutrino Beams 23
1.5.1 Neutrino factories 24
2．Machine Aspects 27
2.1 Introduction 27
2.2 A Possible Beta-Beam Facility 28
2.3 The Beta Beam Isotopes 29
2.3.1 Which isotope to use 29
2.3.2 Isotope production 30
2.3.3 The ISOL method 33
2.3.4 Direct production 34
2.3.5 Production ring 35
2.3.6 Production rates 37
2.4 Ion Transfer,Ionization and Bunching 39
2.5 Acceleration 41
2.5.1 Linear accelerators 42
2.5.2 Some basics about synchrotrons 43
2.6 Stacking and Storage 49
2.6.1 Why do we need stacking？ 49
2.6.2 Beam-cooling 50
2.6.3 Stacking 52
2.6.4 Annual rate of neutrinos 55
2.6.5 Other limitations 57
2.7 Possible Future Development 58
2.7.1 Accumulation at low energy 58
2.7.2 Two isotopes in the ring at the same time 60
2.7.3 Higher gamma 61
2.7.4 Barrier buckets in the decay ring 62
2.7.5 Acceleration of partly stripped ions 64
3．CERN-Fréjus Beta Beam Physics Potential 67
3.1 Introduction 67
3.2 The CERN-Fréjus Configuration 68
3.3 Data Analysis 69
3.3.1 Backgrounds 70
3.3.2 Signals 73
3.3.3 Systematic errors 75
3.4 Oscillation Analysis 78
3.4.1 θ13 searches 79
3.4.2 Leptonic CP violation searches 84
3.4.3 Searches that cannot be done in this configuration 86
3.5 Combined Analyses with the Atmospheric Neutrinos 89
3.5.1 Mass hierarchy 90
3.5.2 Degeneracy breaking 90
3.6 Combined Analyses with the SPL Super Beam 90
3.7 Comparison with Other Super Beam Experiments 93
4．Physics Potential of Other Beta Beam Settings 97
4.1 Introduction 97
4.2 High Energy Beta Beams 98
4.3 Monochromatic Neutrino Beams 103
4.4 Beta Beams Based on 8B and 8Li Ions 105
4.5 High Energy 8B/8Li Beta Beams 107
4.6 Comparison with Other Neutrino Facilities and Green-field Scenarios 109
4.7 Conclusions 114
5．Low Energy Beta Beams 119
5.1 Introduction 119
5.2 Low Energy Setups 120
5.2.1 Off-axis configurations 122
5.3 Nuclear Structure,Neutrino-nucleus,Nuclear Astrophysics Applications 127
5.4 Fundamental Interaction Studies 132
5.4.1 Weinberg angle measurement 132
5.4.2 Conserved vector current hypothesis 133
5.4.3 Neutrino magnetic moment 134
Bibliography 137
Index 153