目次 1
第一编 汉译英与英语句型 1
一、由成分来分的造句 1
(1)汉语易写英语难通 1
(2)动词的种类和变化 2
(3)动词与五种句型 10
(4)第一句型的自动构造 11
(5)第二句型的不完全自动构造 14
(6)第三句型的他动构造 21
(7)第四句型的授与构造 32
(8)第五句型的不完全他动构造 39
二、由构造来分的造句 48
(1)用简单句来翻译 48
(2)用并列句来翻译 63
(3)用复合句来翻译 69
三、由内容来分的造句 83
(1)用陈述句来翻译 83
(2)用疑问句来翻译 91
(3)用命令句来翻译 100
(4)用感叹句来翻译 107
第二编 英语惯用法及其翻译 117
Ⅰ.It的造句 117
(1)“it...不定式” 117
(2)“it...for...不定式” 119
(3)“it...动名词” 122
(4)“it...从句” 123
(5)“it is...从句” 126
(6)“it...名词” 129
(7)“all+抽象名词”或“抽象名词+itself”=very+形容词 130
Ⅱ.名词的造句 130
(8)“the+单数名词”的特殊用法 131
(9)无生物的主语 132
(10)“something(much)of”,“nothing(little)of” 134
(11)属格的主格作用和宾格作用 137
(12)“名词(A)+of+a+名词(B)” 139
(13)“名词+of+属格+名词” 141
(14)“of+抽象名词”=形容词,“of从略+普通名词” 142
(15)“one's own+名词”,“of one's own+动名词” 143
(16)“have+the+抽象名词+不定式” 145
(17)“that(those)+先行词+关系代名词” 146
(18)“one thing...another” 147
Ⅲ.As的造句 148
(19)“as...as”的三种用法 148
(20)“as...as any”,“as...as ever” 149
(21)“as...as...can be” 151
(22)“as...,so...” 152
(23)“It is in(or with)...as in(or with)” 152
(24)“as much”,“as many”,“like so many” 153
(25)“as good as”,“as well as” 155
(26)句首的“as it is”,句尾的“as it is” 157
(27)“过去分词+as it is”,“现在分词+as it does” 159
(28)“名词等+as+主语+动词等” 160
Ⅳ.动词的造句 162
(29)“may well十动词”,“and well+主语+may” 162
(30)“may as well...as”,“might as well...as” 163
(31)“so that...may”,“lest...should” 165
(32)“cannot help+动名词”,“cannot but+原形不定式” 167
(33)“have+宾语(物)+过去分词” 168
(34)“have+宾语(人)+原形不定式” 170
(35)“have+宾语+副词(地点,方向等)” 172
(36)“have+宾语+现在分词” 173
(37)“find oneself” 174
(38)“find...in” 176
(39)“do”的两种用法 177
(40)“depend on”的两种用法 178
(41)“know...from” 180
(42)“had better+原形不定式”,“would rather+原形不定式” 181
(43)“make...of” 183
(44)“make one's way” 185
(45)“rob...of” 187
(46)“seize...by the...” 188
(47)“see if...”,“see that...” 190
(48)“take...for granted” 191
(49)“used to+原形不定式”,“be used to+动名词” 193
(50)“be+不及物动词的过去分词” 196
(51)“否定+fail+不定式” 199
(52)“动词+原形不定式” 200
(53)“leave+much(nothing)+to be desired” 202
(54)“be+不定式” 203
(55)“have+不定式+宾语”,“have+宾语+不定式” 205
(56)“prevent+宾语+from+动名词” 207
(57)“persuade+宾语+into+动名词”,“dissuade+宾语+from+动名词” 209
Ⅴ.不定式的造句 210
(58)表目的、原因、结果等的不定式 210
(59)“so as+不定式”,“so...as+不定式” 213
(60)“too...+不定式”,“not too...+不定式”,“too...not+不定式” 214
(61)“only too...+不定式”,“too ready+不定式” 216
(62)不定式的感叹用法 218
(63)“not to speak of”,“not to say” 219
Ⅵ.动名词的造句 221
(64)“There is no+动名词” 221
(65)“for+the+动名词” 222
(66)“above+动名词” 223
(67)“worth+动名词” 224
(68)“far from+动名词” 226
(69)“busy+动名词” 228
(70)“on+动名词”,“in+动名词” 229
Ⅶ.否定词的造句 230
(71)“no more...than” 230
(72)“no less...than” 233
(73)“not so much...as”,“not so much as” 235
(74)“Nothing is more...than”,“Nothing is so...as” 237
(75)“cannot...too” 238
(76)“否定+without” 240
(77)“否定+but” 241
(78)“否定+until(till)” 243
(79)“not so...but”,“not such a...but” 244
(80)“not A but B”,“B,(and)not A” 245
(81)“否定+because” 246
(82)“not because...but because” 247
(83)“not that...but that” 248
(84)“否定+every(all,both,always,quite)” 250
Ⅷ.What,who的造句 252
(85)“what he is”,“what he has” 252
(86)“what+名词”,“what little+名词” 253
(87)“what with...and what with”,“what by...and what by” 254
(88)“what is+比较级” 256
(89)“A is to B what X is to Y” 257
(90)“who+肯定”,“who+否定” 258
(91)“疑问词+should...but” 259
(92)“Who knows but(that)” 260
Ⅸ.条件及让步的造句 261
(93)省略if的句法 261
(94)“If it were not for(=Were it not for)+名词”,“If it had not been for(=Had it not been for)+名词”,“But for+名词”,“But that+名词从句” 263
(95)“命令句+and”,“命令句+or” 265
(96)“名词+and” 266
(97)“动词+疑问词” 267
(98)“no matter+间接疑问句”,“疑问词-ever+may” 269
(99)“动词+as+主语+助动词” 271
(100)“if any” 271
(101)“be it ever(或never)so”,“let it be ever(或never)so” 273
(102)“once” 274
(103)“were to” 275
(104)含有条件意味的字眼 276
Ⅹ.形容词副词的造句 278
(105)“the+形容词”的两种用法 278
(106)最上级形容词含有even之意 280
(107)“the+比较级...the+比较级” 281
(108)“the+比较级+理由” 283
(109)“the last...+不定式”,“the last...+形容词从句” 284
(110)“so+形容词(副词)+that”,“so+动词+that” 286
(111)“so that” 287
(112)“so much so that” 290
(113)“such...as”,“such...that” 291
(114)“比较级+than”,“more+原级+than” 293
(115)“more...than+can” 295
(116)“more than+动词” 296
(117)“less...than” 297
(118)“much more”,“much less” 298
(119)“would sooner(rather)...than”,“would as soon...as” 300
(120)“no sooner...than”,“hardly...when” 301
(121)“anything but”,“nothing but”,“all but” 303
(122)“shcrt of”,“be short of”,“nothing short of” 304
(123)“ever so” 306
(124)“good and的副词用法” 307
(125)“to one's+感情名词”,“to the+感情名词+of” 309
(126)“so far”,“so far as”,“so far as......is concerned” 310
Ⅺ.连词的造句 312
(127)“and that” 312
(128)“at once...and” 314
(129)“in that” 315
(130)“It is true...but” 316
Ⅻ.其他的造句 317
(131)“one”,“as such” 317
(132)“one thing...another” 318
(133)“in+人物” 319
(134)“before的四种译法” 320
第三编 疑难句法及文章译例 322
一、英语类似句辨异 322
二、常易译错的文句 355
Ⅰ.汉译英 355
Ⅱ.英译汉 380
三、翻译实例 408
Ⅰ.汉译英 408
(1)郑燮致弟书 408
(2)中国的山水画 410
(3)为学 411
(4)光与色 412
(5)教学相长 413
(6)翻译文欠通顺 414
(7)学无所用 415
(8)画蛇添足 416
(9)嗟来食 417
(10)老与少 418
(11)雕刻奇技 420
(12)狐疑 421
(13)怕伞的姑娘 423
(14)偷窃狂 426
(15)狐假虎威 429
(16)习惯说 430
(17)黔之驴 431
(18)少年孔融的机智 433
(19)绝妙好辞 434
(20)韩信忍受裤下辱 436
Ⅱ.英译汉 439
(1)Too Clever Not to See 439
(2)The Busy Broker 439
(3)Speculation on Important Subjects 440
(4)A Feeling of Eternity 441
(5)The Spirit of Fair-Play 442
(6)On D.H.Lawrence 443
(7)On Books 444
(8)Arguments against Smoking 445
(10)The Law of the Jungle 446
(9)The Definition of a Gentleman 446
(11)Some Well-informed People 448
(12)The English Humour 449
(13)The Trouble with Translation 450
(14)Too Distinguished to be a Personality 452
(15)Schadenfreude 453
(16)Aloneness is Worse than Failure 455
(17)Being One's True Self 456
(18)Happiness Consists in Love 458
(19)The Cosy Fire of Affection 459
(20)Irrational Man 462
附录: 466
当代英美名作摘译 466
(1)William Plomer:On Not Answering the Telephone 466
(2)Louis Kronenberger:A Note on Privacy 468
(3)Lawrence George Durrel:Justine 471
(4)Lawrence George Durrel:Mount-Olive 474
(5)P.H.Newby:A Parcel for Alexandria 477
(6)Muriel Spark:The Girls of Slender Means 479
(7)J.D.Salinger:The Long Debut of Lois Taggett 481
(8)J.D.Salinger:The Catcher in the Rye 484
(9)Iris Murdoch:The Bell 486
(10)Iris Murdoch:The Flight from the Enchanter 489
(11)Truman Capote:Breakfast at Tiffany's 492
(12)Truman Capote:Breakfast at Tiffany's 494
(13)James Baldwin:Notes of a Native Son 497
(14)William Styron:Lie Down in Darkness 499
(15)William Styron:The Confessions of Nat Turner 502
(16)Stan Barstow:Gamblers Never Win 505
习题解答 508