Introduction:Where are we in Translation Studies? André Lefevere and Susan Bassnett 1
Preface 7
Ⅰ. Introduction 11
1 Chinese and Western Thinking on Translation André Lefevere 12
Ⅱ. Translation as a Modern Means of Communication 17
2 When is a Translation not a Translation? Susan Bassnett 25
Ⅲ. Translation Theory in the Past and the Present 27
3 Translation Practice(s) and the Circulation of Cultural Capital. Some Aeneids in English, André Lefevere 41
Ⅳ. Problems of Methodology in the Science of Translation 51
4 Transplanting the Seed: Poetry and Translation Susan Bassnett 57
5 The Gates of Analogy: the Kalevala in English André Lefevere 76
Ⅴ. The Translation Process and Translation Procedures 85
6 Still Trapped in the Labyrinth: Further Reflections on Translation and Theatre Susan Bassnett 90
7 Acculturating Bertolt Brecht André Lefevere 109
Ⅵ. Textlinguistics and Translating 112
8 The Translation Turn in Cultural Studies Susan Bassnett 123
Ⅶ. Translation Equivalence 134
Index 141
Ⅷ. Translation Difficulties 158
Ⅸ. The Teaching of Translation 176
Ⅹ. Error Analysis Foreign Language—Native Tongue（English-German） 196
XI．Translation Criticism 216
XII . Machine Translation 228
References 251
Author and Name Index 275
Subject Index 280