PREFACE 1
PART Ⅰ． INTRODUCTION 1
Chapter 1. Prologue: Origins, Objectives, and Overviews of Tort Liability 1
1-1. The Definitional Dilemma 1
EXPLANATORY NOTE 4
1-2. Functions. Goals and Justifications of Tort Law 5
1-3. The Evolution of Tort Concepts and Remedies 12
1-4. The Roles of Judges and Juries 22
Chapter 2. Cause in Fact 25
2-1. Cause in Fact (R.430-34) 25
Chapter 3． Strict Liability 31
3-1. Basis of Strict Liability 31
PART 2. PHYSICAL HARM 31
3-2. Animals, Statutory Strict Liability 33
3-3. Abnormally Dangerous Activities 35
3-4. Scope of Strict Liability 43
Chapter 4． Liability for Negligent Conduct 47
4-1. Standards of Conduct: Of Risks and Reasonable Persons 47
4-2. Sources of Standards of Conduct 61
4-3. Proof of Negligence 68
4-4. Proximate Cause 77
4-5. The Concept of Duty 89
TABLE OF CASES 94
4-6. Degrees of Negligence 98
4-7. Wilful and Wanton Misconduct 101
Chapter 5. Defenses to Negligence Liability 105
5-1. Contributory Negligence 105
5-2. Comparative Negligence 109
5-3. Imputed Contributory Negligence 112
5-4. Assumption of Risk 115
5-5. Mitigation of Damages and Avoidable Consequences 123
5-6. Statutes of Limitations and Repose 124
Chapter 6． Liability for Intentional Misconduct 127
6-1. Intent 127
6-2. Battery 131
6-3. Assault 132
6-4. False Imprisonment 134
6-5. Intentional or Reckless Infliction of Emotional Distress 137
6-6. Trespass to Land 141
6-7. Chattels 146
Chapter 7．Defenses to Liability for Intentional Misconduct 157
7-1. In General 157
7-2. Consent 159
7-3. Defense of Self and Others 163
7-4. Defense and Recovery of Property 166
7-5. Necessity 170
7-6. Authority of Law 172
7-7. Discipline 175
Chapter 8． Special Liability Rules for Particular Activities 177
8-1. Introduction 177
A． OWNERS AND OCCUPIERS OF LAND 178
8-2. Liability to Persons Off the Premises 178
8-3. Trespassing Adults 182
8-4. Trespassing Children 188
8-5. Licensees and Invitees 195
8-6. Rejection of Categories 205
8-7. Lessors 207
8-8. Vendors and Vendees 215
8-9. An Overview of Products Liability 217
B. PRODUCTS LIABILITY 217
C． EMPLOYERS, EMPLOYEES AND CONTRACTORS 229
8-10. Vicarious Liability 229
8-11. Employees 230
8-12. Independent Contractors 237
8-13. Employer's Liability to Employee; Workers' Compensation 242
8-14. Railroad Employees 248
8-15. Maritime Employees 251
D．AUTOMOBILES 255
8-16. Special Automobile Liability Rules 255
8-17. Automobile Accident Compensation 260
E． OTHER SPECIAL LIABILITY RULES 270
8-18. Medical and Other Professional Negligence("Malpractice") 270
8-19. Nuisance and Environmental Law 273
8-20. Negligent Infliction of Emotional Distress 286
8-21. Prenatal Harm 291
8-22. Alcoholic Beverages 293
8-23. Interference With Federal Constitutional Rights 295
Chapter 9. Damages for Physical Harm 303
9-1. Compensatory Damages 303
9-2. Consequential Damages 313
9-3. Punitive Damages 317
9-4. Allocation Among Tortfeasors 321
PART Ⅲ． TORT AND CONTRACT 331
Chapter 10. Tort and Contract 331
10-1. Parties to the Contract 331
10-2. Liability to Third Persons Not Parties to the Contract 335
PART Ⅳ． IMMUNITIES 341
Chapter 11． Immunities 341
11-1. Government and Its Employees 341
11-2. Charities 351
11-3. Spouses, Parents and Children 353
PART Ⅴ． SURVIVAL AND WRONGFUL DEATH 359
Chapter 12． Survival and Wrongful Death 359
12-1. Survival of Tort Actions 359
12-2. Wrongful Death 363
12-3. Wrongful Death: Beneficiaries and Damages 367
12-4. Wrongful Death: Defenses 374
PART Ⅵ． INJURIES TO OTHER INTERESTS 379
Chapter 13． Defamation 379
13-1. Defamation 379
13-2. Libel and Slander 384
13-3. Publication 385
13-4. Fault 387
13-5. Defenses 390
13-6. Damages 396
Chapter 14． Privacy 399
14-1. In General 399
14-2. Appropriation 400
14-3. Unreasonable Intrusion 401
14-4. Public Disclosure of Private Facts 401
14-5. False Light in the Public Eye 402
Chapter 15. Misrepresentation and Nondisclosure 405
15-1. Remedies for Misrepresentation 405
15-2. Basis of Liability 409
15-3. Scope of Liability 415
15-4. Representation and Nondisclosure 420
15-5. Reliance 423
15-6. Opinion, Prediction, and Intention 426
15-7. Damages for Misrepresentation 431
INDEX 435