一、经济 Economy 1
(一)经济改革 Economic Reform 1
1.经济体制改革 Reform of Economic Structure 1
(一)经济改革 Economic Reform 1
一、经济 Economy 1
2.对外开放政策 Open Policies 2
3.经济特区 Special Economic Zone 4
4.外资与外资企业 Foreign Funds and Foreign Invested Enterprises 8
5.工业改革 Reform in Industry 12
6.农业改革 Reform in Agriculture 16
7.个体经济和多种经营经济 Individual and Diversified Economies 19
8.税收改革 Tax Reform 30
9.物价改革 Price Reform 37
10.住房改革 Housing Reform 40
(二)经济管理 Economic Administration 44
(二)经济管理 Economic Administration 44
1.全面经济管理 All-round Economic Administration 44
2.反腐倡廉 Against Corruption and for a Clean Government 58
3.扶贫工程 Poverty Relief Project 62
(三)会计 Accounting 66
(三)会计 Accounting 66
1.会计种类 Kinds of Accounting 66
2.会计业务与管理 Accounting Activity and Management 66
3.政府会计 Government Accounting 67
4.预算会计 Budget Accounting 68
(1)存款、货款会计 Deposit and Loan Accounting 68
5.银行会计 Bank Accounting 68
(2)信托、信贷会计 Trust and Credit Accounting 69
(4)其他 Others 70
6.财务会计 Financial Accounting 70
(3)外汇会计 Foreign Exchange Accounting 70
(1)财务行政管理 Financial Administration and Management 70
(2)现金出纳 Cash 71
7.成本会计 Cost Accounting 71
(1)成本与成本计算法 Cost and Cost Approach 71
(2)成本明细表 Cost Statement 72
(2)记账法 Bookkeeping Method 73
(1)账目与帐本 Accounts and Account Book 73
8.簿记 Bookkeeping 73
(4)报表格式 Statement Form 74
(3)财务报表 Financial Statement 74
9.审计 Auditing 75
(一)财政金融 Finance 77
二、国民经济 National Economy 77
二、国民经济 National Economy 77
(一)财政金融 Finance 77
1.一般用语 General Terms 77
2.预算 Budget 80
3.收入与支出 Revenue and Expenditure 81
(1)收入 Revenue 81
(2)支出 Expenditure 83
4.拨款、基金、债务 Appropriations,Funds and Loans 84
5.税收 Taxation 87
(1)税收种类 Kinds of Taxes 87
(2)税务管理 Tax Management 89
6.证券、股票、债券 Security,Stock and Bonds 91
(1)证券 Securities 91
(2)股票 Stocks 92
(3)债券 Bonds 95
7.投资与利润 Investment and Profit 96
(1)投资 Investment 96
(2)利润 Profit 97
(1)垄断 Monopoly 99
(2)竞争 Competition 99
8.垄断与竞争 Monopoly and Competition 99
9.资本、资金、资产 Capital,Fund and Assets 100
(1)资本 Capital 100
(2)资金 Funds 102
(3)资产 Assets 103
(1)金融 Money 105
10.金融与货币 Money and Currency 105
(2)货币 Currencies 106
(3)货币管理 Currency Control 108
(4)造币 Coinage 110
(5)各国货币 Moneys of the World 111
11.国际收支 Balance of International Payments 117
(二)银行业 Banking 119
(二)银行业 Banking 119
(1)银行及信用社等 Banks,Credit Cooperatives,etc. 119
1.银行 Bank 119
(2)银行各部门 Bank Departments and Offices 120
(3)银行业人员 Banking Personnel 121
(4)银行用机械和设备 Banking Machines and Other Equipment 122
2.银行业务 Banking Business 122
3.银行票据 Bank Money 125
(1)支票 Cheque 125
(2)汇票 Draft 126
4.信用证 Letter of Credit 127
(1)信用证种类 Kinds of L/C 127
(2)信用证管理 Management of L/C 128
5.存款 Deposit 129
(1)银行存款 Deposit at Bank 129
(2)存款种类 Kinds of Deposit 130
6.信贷 Credit 131
7.利息 Interest 133
8.现金 Cash 134
(1)信托 Trust 136
9.信托与抵押 Trust and Mortgage 136
(2)抵押 Mortgage 137
10.外汇 Foreign Exchange 138
(三)保险 Insurance 141
1.保险机构与人员 Insurance Organizations and Personnel 141
(三)保险 Insurance 141
2.保险类别 Kinds of Insurance 142
3.保险业务 Insurance Business 144
4.保险费与保险单 Premiums,Expenses and Policies 146
5.水险 Marine Insurance 148
(2)海损、理赔等 Average,Adjustment,etc. 148
(1)承保类别 Risk Insured 148
(3)保险条款 Insurance Clauses 149
三、对外经济 Foreign Economy 151
三、对外经济 Foreign Economy 151
(一)海关 Customhouse 151
(一)海关 Customhouse 151
1.海关与海关人员 Customhouse,Customs Officers,Technicians 151
2.海关事务 Customs Affairs 152
3.关税 Tariff 154
(二)对外贸易 Foreign Trade 156
1.国际贸易 International Trade 156
(1)国际贸易 International Trade 156
(二)对外贸易 Foreign Trade 156
(2)关贸协定 Agreement on Tariff and Trade 159
(3)国际分工 International Division of Labour 159
(4)国际经济组织与机构 International Economic Organizations and Agencies 161
(5)国际贸易法规 Rules of International Trade 163
(6)中国贸易法规 Trade Laws and Regulations of China 165
(7)倾销与反倾销 Dumping and Reverse Dumping 167
(1)外贸组织 Foreign Trade Organizations 168
2.外贸组织与人员 Foreign Trade Organizations and Personnel 168
(2)经济、贸易机构 Economic and Trade Organizations 169
(3)外贸人员 Foreign Trade Personnel 171
3.外贸政策与措施 Policies and Measures Commonly Adopted in Foreign Trade 172
4.进出口 Importation and Exportation 174
(1)进口 Importation 174
(2)出口 Exportation 175
5.市场调研 Market Research 176
6.询盘与发盘 Enquiry and Offer 179
7.价格条件 Price Terms 180
8.品质、数量与包装 Quality, Quantity and Packing 181
(1)商品品质 Quality of Commodity 181
(2)商品数量 Quatity of Commodity 182
(3)产品包装 Packing of Products 183
9.销售、购买与订单 Sale, Purchase and Order 184
(1)销售 Sale 184
(2)购买 Purchase 185
(3)订单 Orders 186
10.条约、协定与合同 Treaties, Agreements and Contracts 187
11.费用 Fees and Charges 189
12.航运 Shipping 191
13.租船 Ship Chartering 193
14.货运单据 Cargo Transportation Documents 194
15.货物与装卸 Cargoes, Loading and Unloading 197
(1)货物 Cargoes 197
(2)装卸 Loading and Unloading 198
16.装运与交货 Shipment and Delivery 199
(1)装运 Shipment 199
(2)交货 Delivery 200
(1)结算 Settlement of Payments 201
(2)支付Payment 201
17.结算与支付 Settlement of Payments and Payment 201
18.代理、经销与佣金 Agency, Distribution and Commission 203
(1)代理 Agency 203
(2)经销 Distribution 204
(3)佣金 Commission 204
19.商品检验 Commodity Inspection 204
20.索赔 Claim 205
21. 争议与仲裁 Dispute and Arbitration 208
22. 常用商务缩略语 Commercial Abbreviations in Common Use 209
1.工业类型 Types of Industries 214
(一)工业 Industry 214
四、工业经济 Industrial Economy 214
(一)工业 Industry 214
四、工业经济 Industrial Economy 214
2.工厂名称 Names of Factories 216
(1)工厂组织 Factory Organizations 222
(2)工厂科室 Factory Sections and Offices 222
3.工厂机构 Factory Institutions 222
(3)车间 Workshops 223
(4)工作室、检验室等 Operating Rooms, Laboratories, etc. 223
(5)其他 Others 224
4.职工 Staff and Workers 224
(二)企业管理 Enterprise Management 228
1.企业 Enterprises 228
(1)企业类型 Kinds of Enterprises 228
(二)企业管理 Enterprise Management 228
(2)企业组织形式 Forms of Enterprise Organizations 229
2.企业管理原理、组织及领导Principle,Organization and Leadership of Enterprise Management 229
(1)计划与指标 Plans and Indicators 231
3.计划管理与经营决策 Planning Management and Managerial Decision Making 231
(2)统计、决策与合同 Statistics,Decision Making and Contracts 232
4.科技管理 Management of Science and Technology 233
(1)新技术、新产品开发 Development of New Technology and New Products 233
(3)科研管理 Management of Scientific Research 234
(2)设计与工艺管理 Design and Process Management 234
5.生产管理 Production Management 235
(1)生产过程组织 Organization of Production Process 235
(2)质量管理 Quality Control 236
(3)设备管理 Equipment Management 237
(4)物资管理 Materials and Equipment Management 237
(1)雇工制度 Employment System 238
6.劳动人事管理 Labour and Personnel Management 238
(5)能源管理与环境保护 Energy Management and Environmental Protection 238
(2)工资制度 Wage System 239
7.劳动保险 Labour Insurance 241
8.劳动保护 Labour Protection 241
9.市场与销售管理 Market and Sales Management 243
(1)市场 Market 243
(2)价格 Price 243
(3)销售 Sale 244
10.财务管理 Financial Management 244
(1)资金管理 Fund Management 244
(3)税金 Tax 245
(4)成本管理 Cost Management 245
(2)利润管理 Profit Management 245
(5)经济核算 Economic Calculation 246
(6)会计与审计 Accounting and Auditing 246
11.系统工程 Systems Engineering 247
(一)农业经营与管理 Agricultural Operation and Management 248
五、农业经济 Agricultural Economy 248
(一)农业经营与管理 Agricultural Operation and Management 248
1.一般用语 General Terms 248
五、农业经济 Agricultural Economy 248
2.农场和作物产区 Farms and Crop Growing Areas 249
(1)农场 Farms 249
(2)作物产区 Crop Growing Areas 250
3.农场经营 Farm Operating 250
(1)农业科技单位 Agro-technical Institutions 252
4.农业科技单位和人员 Agro-technical Institutions and Agro-technicians 252
(2)农技人员 Agro-technicians 253
(1)农村与农村生活 Villages and Rural Life 254
5.农村和农业人员 Farm Villages and Farmers 254
(2)农业人员 Farming Workers 255
6.农业气象 Agricultural Meteorology 256
(二)土地和土壤 Land and Soil 259
1.土地 Land 259
(二)土地和土壤 Land and Soil 259
2.土壤 Soil 261
(1)土壤分类 Soil Classification 261
(2)土壤结构与性能 Soil Structure and Properties 263
(3)土层 Soil Horizons 264
(4)土壤形成、改良等 Soil Formation,Improvement,etc. 264
1.肥料与肥料要素 Fertilizer and Fertility Elements 265
(1)肥料种类 Kinds of Fertilizer 265
(三)肥料 Fertilizer 265
(三)肥料 Fertilizer 265
(2)肥料要素 Fertility Elements 266
2.天然有机肥料 Natural Organic Fertilizer 266
3.化肥及其他肥料 Chemical Fertilizer and Others 267
4.积肥与施肥 Manure Storage and Application 268
(1)积肥 Manure Accumulating 268
(2)施肥 Manuring 268
(四)水利 Water Conservation 269
1.农田基本建设 Farmland Improvement Groundwork 269
(四)水利 Water Conservation 269
2.农田灌溉 Farmland Irrigation 272
(五)选种和育种 Seed Selection and Breeding 273
1.种子和品种 Seeds and Species 273
(五)选种和育种 Seed Selection and Breeding 273
3.育种 Seed Breeding 275
2.作物遗传学 Crop-plant Genetics 275
4.种子测定与选种 Seed Testing and Selection 277
(1)种子测定 Seed Testing 277
(2)选种 Seed Selection 277
(六)作物保护 Crop Plant Protection 278
1.病虫害防治 Plant Diseases and Pests Control 278
(六)作物保护 Crop Plant Protection 278
2.植物病害 Plant Diseases 279
3.植物虫害 Plant Pests 280
4.常用农药及其施用 Pesticides and Application 281
5.杂草与除草剂 Weeds and Herbicides 283
(七)田间管理 Field Management 283
1.耕作 Tillage 283
(七)田间管理 Field Management 283
2.播种 Seeding 285
3.栽植 Planting 286
4.收获 Havesting 289
5.农时与自然灾害 Farm Seasons and Natural Calamities 290
(八)农业机具 Agricultural Machinery and Farm Implements 291
1.拖拉机 Tractor 291
(八)农业机具 Agricultural Machinery and Farm Implements 291
2.犁 Plough 292
3.耙 Harrow 293
5.选种、播种和移植机具 Selectors,Seeders and Transplanting Machines 294
(1)选种机具 Selectors 294
4.耕作机 Cultivator 294
(2)播种、种植机具 Seeders and Planters 294
6.中耕、施肥机具 Cultivators and Manure Distributors 295
(1)中耕机具 Implements for Inter-cultivation 295
(3)移植机具 Transplanting Machines 295
(2)施肥机具 Manure Distributors 296
7.收割机械 Harvesting Machinery 296
(1)收割机 Harvesters 296
(2)割草机械 Mowing Machinery 297
8.作物处理机械 Crop Processing Machinery 297
(1)脱粒机械 Threshing Machinery 297
(2)谷场、谷仓用机械 Barn Machinery 297
(3)作物干燥设备 Crop Drying Equipment 298
9.其他农用机械 Other Agricultural Machinery 298
10.农具 Farm Tools 299
(1)农作物种类 Kinds of Crop 301
(九)农作物 Crops 301
1.农作物种类及其生长过程 Crops and the Course of Crop Crowing 301
(九)农作物 Crops 301
(2)农作物生长过程 The Course of Crop Growing 302
2.禾谷类作物 Cereal Crops 303
(1)稻谷 Rice 303
(2)小麦 Wheat 304
(5)高粱 Sorghum 305
(3)玉米 Maize 305
(4)大麦 Barley 305
(6)次要禾谷类作物 Minor Cereals 306
3.油料作物 Oil Crops 306
(1)落花生 Peanut 306
(2)豆类 Beans and Peas 306
(5)非食用油料作物 Nonedible-oil Crops 307
(3)芝麻 Sesame 307
(4)杂类 Miscellany 307
(1)甘蔗 Sugarcane 308
(2)甜菜 Sugar Beet 308
4.糖料作物 Sugar Crops 308
(3)其他糖料作物 Other Sugar Crops 309
5.饮料作物 Beverage Crops 309
(1)茶叶 Tea 309
(2)咖啡 Coffee 310
(3)可可 Cocoa 310
6.香料作物 Spice Crops 311
7.烟草 Tobacco Crop 311
(1)棉花 Cotton 312
8.纤维作物 Fibre Crops 312
(2)亚麻和黄麻 Flax and Jute 313
(3)苎麻、大麻及其他 Ramie,Hemp and Miscellany 313
9.蔬菜 Vegetalbles 314
(1)蔬菜栽培 Vegetables Growing 314
(2)根、茎类蔬菜 Root and Stalk Vegetables 314
(3)叶菜作物 Leaf Vegetable Plant 315
(5)辣椒、番茄等 Peppers,Tomatoes,etc. 316
(4)瓜类 Cucumbers,Squashes,etc. 316
(6)菜豆类 Beans 317
(7)蔬菜病虫害 Vegetable Diseases and Pests 317
10.水果作物 Fruit Crops 318
(1)果园、水果种植人员及用具 Fruit Garden,Fruit Growers and Garden Tools 318
(2)果树 Fruit Trees 319
(3)水果生产 Fruit Production 320
(4)果类作物 Fruit Crops 321
11.橡胶树 Rubber Tree 322
12.药用植物栽培 Medicinal Plants Growing 323
六、林业经济 Forestry Economy 325
(一)森林和森林资源 Forest and Forest Resources 325
六、林业经济 Forestry Economy 325
1.森林 Forest 325
(一)森林和森林资源 Forest and Forest Resources 325
2.森林资源 Forest Resources 327
3.常见树木名称 Names of Some Common Trees 328
(二)森林经营管理 Forest Management 331
(二)森林经营管理 Forest Management 331
1.林场和林业人员 Forest Farm and Workers 331
(1)林场 Forest Farm 331
(2)林业机构与人员 Forest Institutions and Workers 332
2.造林 Forestation 333
3.森林试验和森林气象学 Forest Experiment and Meteorology 335
(1)森林试验 Forest Experiment 335
4.修枝和除草 Pruning and Weeding 336
(2)森林气象学 Forest Meteorology 336
(1)森林火灾 Forest Fire 337
5.森林灾害 Forest Disasters,Tree Diseases and Pests 337
(2)树木病害 Tree Diseases 338
(3)森林虫害 Damage by Forest Insects 339
(4)其他森林灾害 Other Forest Disasters 339
6.林木采伐、采运作业 Forest Tree Felling and Logging 339
7.木材 Wood 341
(一)牧业 Livestock Farming 343
七、畜牧业 Animal Husbandry 343
七、畜牧业 Animal Husbandry 343
(一)牧业 Livestock Farming 343
1.牧区畜牧业 Pastoral Industry 343
2.驯化野生动物 Domesticated Wild Animals 344
(二)家畜饲养与管理 Stock Raising and Handling 345
(二)家畜饲养与管理 Stock Raising and Handling 345
1.家畜饲养 Stock Raising 345
2.饲料 Fodder 346
3.家畜繁育 Animal Breeding 348
4.肥育 Fattening 349
5.养马场 Horse Range 349
6.奶牛场 Dairy 350
7.养牛场 Sheep Station 352
8.养猪场 Piggery 353
9.养狗和养猫 Dog and Cat Keeping 354
(1)养狗 Dog Keeping 354
(2)养猫 Cat Keeping 354
(三)牲畜 Livestock 355
(三)牲畜 Livestock 355
1.牲畜种类 Kinds of Livestock 355
2.马骡类 Horses and Mules 356
3.牛 Oxen and Cattle 357
4.羊 Sheep and Goats 358
5.猪 Pigs 358
6.兔 Hares 359
7.狗 Dogs 359
(四)畜类病虫害 Animal Diseases,Parasites and Pests 360
1.普通家畜疾病 Common Diseases of Livestock 360
(四)畜类病虫害 Animal Diseases,Parasites and Pests 360
8.猫 Cats 360
2.马骡类疾病 Diseases of Horse and Mule 361
3.牛类疾病Dovine Diseases 362
4.羊疾病Sheep Diseases 362
5.猪疾病 Swine Diseases 363
6.兔、狗、猫疾病 Diseases of Hare ,Dog and Cat 363
7.兽医和兽药 Veterinary Medicine and Drugs 363
(一)养禽业 Poultry Industry 365
(1)养鸡 Chicken Raising 365
1.养鸡场 Chicken Farm 365
八、副业 Side-line Occupation 365
(一)养禽业 Poultry Industry 365
八、副业 Side-line Occupation 365
(2)鸡的种类 Kinds of Chicken 367
2.养鸭和养鹅 Duck and Goose Raising 368
(1)养鸭 Duck Raising 368
(2)养鹅 Goose Raising 368
1.养蚕 Silkworm Keeping 369
(二)蚕丝和养蜂业 Sericulture and Apiculture 369
(二)蚕丝和养蜂业 Sericulture and Apiculture 369
3.家禽病虫害 Fowl Diseases and Pests 369
2.养蜂 Beekeeping 371
3.其他 Others 373
1.编织场Weaving and Braiding Shop 374
(三)农村作坊 Village Workshops 374
(三)农村作坊 Village Workshops 374
2.木工场Carpenter s Yard 375
3.采石场和石灰窑 Quarry Yard and Limekiln 376
(1)砖瓦厂 Brickyard and Tilery 376
4.砖、瓦、水泥厂、陶器作坊、烧炭场 Brickyard,Tilery,Cement Plant,Pottery and Charcoal Kiln Site 376
(2)水泥厂Cement Plant 377
(3)陶器作坊 Pottery 377
(4)烧炭场 Charcoal-kiln Site 378
5.锻工场和造船场 Forge and Boatyard 378
(1)锻工场 Forgy 378
(2)造船场 Boatyard 378
6.毛皮加工场 Hide and Fur Processing Workshop 379
7.大车铺和马具、马掌铺 Cartwright s Shop,Harness-maker s Shop and Farriery 380
(1)大车铺 Cartwright s Shop 380
(2)马具铺 Harness-maker s Shop 381
(3)马掌铺 Farriery 381
8.制桶、制绳 Coopery,Ropery 381
(1)制桶工场 Cooperage 381
(2)绳场 Ropery 381
(1)磨坊 Mill 382
(3)碾坊 Grain Mill 382
(2)面坊 Flour Mill 382
(4)油坊 Oil Mill 382
9.其他作坊 Other Workshops 382
(5)豆腐房 Bean-curd Plant 383
(6)糖房 Sugar Mill 383
(7)粉房 Bean Noodle Mill 383
(一)捕鱼业 Fishery 384
九、水产业 Aquatic Products Industry 384
1.渔业和渔业资源 Fishery and Fishery Resources 384
九、水产业 Aquatic Products Industry 384
(一)捕鱼业 Fishery 384
2.捕鱼 Fishing 385
3.渔具 Fishing Gear 386
4.渔船 Fishing Vessels 387
5.鱼的保藏 Preservation of Fish 388
6.渔港和渔民 Fishing Port and Population 389
(二)水产养殖业 Aquatic Products Farming 390
1.鱼类养殖 Fish Farming 390
(二)水产养殖业 Aquatic Products Farming 390
2.珍珠养殖 Pearl Culture 392
(三)水产 Aquatic Products 393
(三)水产 Aquatic Products 393
1.淡水鱼类 Freshwater Fishes 393
3.养蚝及其他 Oyster Cultivation and Others 393
2.海洋鱼类 Marine Fishes 394
3.其他海洋生物 Other Marine Life 395
(一)商业与商品 Commerce and Commodity 397
十、商品经济与市场经济 Commodity Economy and Market Economy 397
(一)商业与商品 Commerce and Commodity 397
1.商业与机构Commercial Establishment 397
(1)商业组织 Commercial Organization 397
(2)商业公司 Business Company 397
十、商品经济与市场经济 Commodity Economy and Market Economy 397
(3)其他商业部门 Other Commercial Departments 398
2.市场 Market 399
(1)店铺类型Types of Shop 400
3.商店 Shop 400
(2)商店各部门与设备 Shop Departments and Equipment 402
4.商业人员 Commercial Personnel 403
5.商业经营管理 Commercial Operation and Administration 405
(1)商业经营Commercial Transaction 405
(2)商业管理Commercial Admimstration 407
(3)货源与销售 Source of Goods and Sale 409
(4)购买与利润 Buying and Profit 410
(5)商业文件 Commercial Papers 411
(6)商业道德 Commercial Morality 412
(7)商业非法行为 Commercial Immorality 413
6.商品 Commodity 414
7.价格 Price 418
8.品质、数量、样品等 Quality,Quantity,Sample,etc. 420
(1)商品品质 Quality of Commodity 420
(2)商品数量 Quantity of Commodity 421
(3)商品样品 Trade Sample 421
9.包装 Packing 422
(1)商业包装 Commercail Packing 422
(2)包装材料与设备 Packing Materials and Facilities 422
(3)包装要求 Packing Instructions 423
10.库存与运输 Stock and Transportation 424
(1)库存 Stock 424
(2)商品运输 Commercial Transportation 425
11.广告 Advertising 425
12.拍卖与投标 Auction and Tender 426
(1)拍卖 Auction 426
(2)投标 Tender 427
(二)市场经济 Market Economy 428
1.市场 Market 428
(二)市场经济 Market Economy 428
2.市场经营与管理 Market Operation and Management 433
3.质量监督 Quality Surpervision 445
(一)旅游市场 Tourism Market 450
十一、旅游经济 Tourism Economy 450
1.旅游经营 Tourism Operating 450
十一、旅游经济 Tourism Economy 450
(一)旅游市场 Tourism Market 450
2.旅游管理 Management of Tourism 453
3.旅游结算 Tourism Account 456
1.旅行、观光 Travelling and Sightseeing 458
(二)旅游开发 Tourism Development 458
(二)旅游开发 Tourism Development 458
2.游客 Tourists and Sightseers 459
3.旅游点 Showplace 460
4.旅游用品 Touring Appliance 463
十二、知识经济 Knowledge Economy 465
十二、知识经济 Knowledge Economy 465
(一)知识产权 Intellectual Property Right 465
1.科学与技术 Science and Technology 465
(1)科学 Science 465
(一)知识产权 Intellectual Property Right 465
(2)理论 Theory 467
(3)技术 Technology 468
2.学术、科研活动 Academic and Scientific Activities 471
(1)新技术、新产品开发 Development of New Technology and New Products 472
3.科技开发 Scientific and Technological Development 472
(2)设计与工艺 Design and Process 473
(3)科研 Scientific Research 473
4.知识产权 Intellectual Property Right 474
5.工业产权 Industrial Property Right 482
(1)发明与革新 Invention and Innovation 482
(2)专利 Patent 482
(3)商标 Trademark 483
(二)知识服务 Knowledge Service 485
(二)知识服务 Knowledge Service 485
1.图书馆服务 Library Service 485
(1)图书馆种类、部门及人员 Kinds,Departments and Personnel of the Library 485
(2)图书采访 Acquisition 486
(3)图书编目 Cataloguing 487
(4)图书借阅服务 Loan Service 489
(5)图书阅览服务 Reading Service 489
(6)参考咨询服务 Reference Service 490
(7)资料复制服务 Reproducing Service 491
(8)打字服务 Typewriting Service 492
2.信息服务 Information Service 492
(1)一般用语 General Terms 492
(2)信息种类 Kinds of Information 493
(3)信息符号 Information Symbols 494
(4)信息资料 Information Materials 494
(5)信息处理 Information Processing 495
(6)翻译服务 Translation Service 496
(7)系统分编服务 Arrangement Service 496
(8)分类服务 Classifying Service 497
(9)目录服务 Bibliographical Service 497
(10)编码服务 Codification Service 498
(11)检索服务 Retrieval Service 498
(12)标引服务 Indexing Service 499
(14)信息服务 Information Service 500
(13)文献服务 Documentation Service 500
3.书刊资料服务 Books and Periodicals Service 502
(1)出版物种类 Kinds of Publication 502
(2)书籍 Books 503
(3)版本 Edition 506
(4)报纸 Newspaper 508
(5)刊物 Publication 509
(6)新闻 News 510
(7)广播节目 Broadcasting Programme 511
(8)电视节目 Television Programme 513
4.科技兴农 Promoting Agriculture by Applying Scienceand Technology 515
十三、交通建设 Traffic Construction 521
(一)公路交通 Road Traffic 521
1.公路交通运输业 Road Transport Service 521
(1)公路交通运输系统 Road Transport System 521
十三、交通建设 Traffic Construction 521
(一)公路交通 Road Traffic 521
(2)公路交通运输业务Road Transport Service 522
(3)汽车总站 Central Bus Station 523
(4)公共汽车交通 Bus Service 523
(5)电车交通 Tramcar Service 524
(6)货车运输 Trucking 525
2.道路 Road 525
(1)道路类型 Types of Road 525
(2)道路设置 Road Laying 526
(3)道路结构和养护 Road Structure and Maintenance 527
(4)高速公路 Expressway 528
(5)公路铺建Road Construction 528
(6)筑路机械 Road-making Machinery 529
3.桥梁 Bridge 529
(1)桥梁类型 Types of Bridge 529
(2)桥梁结构 Bridge Structure 530
(3)桥梁建造 Bridge Building 531
4.交通管理 Traffic Control 531
(1)交通标记和信号 Traffic Signs and Signals 531
(2)交通安全 Traffic Safety 532
(3)交通事故 Traffic Accident 533
(二)铁路交通 Railway Traffic 534
(二)铁路交通 Railway Traffic 534
1.铁路系统 Railway System 534
2.铁路客运 Railway Passenger Service 535
(1)客运业务 Passenger Service 535
(2)火车站 Railway Station 537
(3)乘火车旅行 Travelling by Train 539
3.铁路货运 Railway Freight Service 540
(1)货运业务 Cargo Service 540
(2)货运列车 Goods Trains 541
4.铁路交通管理 Railway Traffic Control 542
(1)调度系统 Dispatching System 542
(2)信号系统 Signal System 542
(3)铁路警标 Railway Warning Signs 543
(4)铁路事故 Railway Accident 543
5.铁路建设 Railway Construction 543
(1)铁路和铁路线 Railway and Railway Lines 543
(2)铁路定线 Railway Location 544
(3)轨道铺设 Track Laying 545
6.登山铁路 Mountain Railway 546
(三)航运 Shipping 547
(三)航运 Shipping 547
1.港口 Port 547
(1)港口种类 Kinds of Port 547
(2)港口结构 Harbour Accommodation 548
(3)港口其他设施 Other Installations in Dock Area 549
(4)港口工作人员 Harbour Personnel 549
2.航海 Navigation 549
(1)船员 Crew 549
(2)航行 Voyage 550
(3)海上旅行 Sea Travel 552
(4)航海器具 Navigation Appliance 552
3.海难救助 Salvage 553
4.国际通话信号旗 International Code Flags 553
5.船运业务 Shipping Business 554
(1)货物运输 Cargo Transport 554
(2)装卸机具 Loading and Unloading Gear 554
(3)集装箱运输 Containerized Traffic 555
(4)货物标志 Cargo Marks 555
(5)货物残损 Cargo Damage 556
7.内河交通 Inland Water Traffic 557
(四)民航 Civil Aviation 558
1.民航机构 Civil Aviation Organizations 558
(四)民航 Civil Aviation 558
2.飞机场 Airfield 561
(1)机场种类 Kinds of Airfield 561
(2)民航机场 Civil Airport 561
3.民航客运 Civil Air Passenger Service 562
(1)航空客运业务 Air Passenger-carrying Service 562
(2)客机 Passenger Plane 563
(3)客机设备 Airliner Accommodation 563
(4)航空旅行 Air Travel 564
4.民航货运 Civil Freight Service 564
(1)民航货运业务 Civil Freight Service 564
(3)民航运输机设备 Freighter Accommodation 565
(2)民航运输机 Civil Transport Planes 565
十四、通讯建设 Communication Construction 567
(一)邮政 Post 567
十四、通讯建设 Communication Construction 567
(一)邮政 Post 567
1.邮政系统 Postal System 567
(1)邮电机构 Establishments of Post and Telecommunications 567
(2)邮局各部门 Departments,Offices,etc. 567
(3)邮电人员 Postal Personnel 568
2.邮政业务 Postal Service 568
3.邮递 Posting and Delivering 570
4.邮件 Post 571
(1)邮件种类 Kinds of Post 571
(2)信件 Letters 572
(3)明信片 Postcards 572
(4)信封与信笺 Envelopes and Letter Paper 573
(5)邮政包裹 Postal Parcels 573
5.邮资、邮票 Postage and Stamps 574
(1)邮资 Postage 574
(2)邮票 Stamps 574
6.邮政设备 Postal Equipment 575
(二)电报 Telegraph 576
(二)电报 Telegraph 576
1.电报系统 Telegraphic System 576
(1)电报局 Telegraph Office 576
(2)电报局职工 Telegraphic Office Workers 576
2.电报业务 Telegraphic Service 577
3.电报 Telegram 578
4.用户直通电报与传真 Telex and Fax 579
5.电报设备 Telegraphic Equipment 580
(1)电报机械 Telegraphic Machinery 580
(2)电报机零部件 Telegraph Parts 581
(3)电报电码 Telegraphic Code 581
(三)电话 Telephone 582
1.电话系统 Telephone System 582
(三)电话 Telephone 582
(1)电话局 Telephone Office 582
(2)机房、电话台、交换机等 Rooms,Services,Switchboards,Exchanges,etc. 582
(3)电话局职工、用户等 Telephone Office Workers,Subscribers,etc. 583
2.电话业务 Telephone Traffic 583
3.电话设备 Telephonic Equipment 585
(1)电话机种类 Kinds of Telephone Set 585
(3)其他电话机具 Other Telephone Equipment 586
(4)电话线路 Telephone Lines 586
(2)电话机结构 Structure of a Telephone Set 586
(5)电话用电缆等 Telephone Cables,etc. 587
十五、水利建设 Water Conservancy Construction 588
(一)水利工程 Water Conservancy Project 588
1.水利 Water Conservancy 588
十五、水利建设 Water Conservancy Construction 588
(一)水利工程 Water Conservancy Project 588
2.堤坝 Bank and Dam 589
3.涵闸 Culvert and Sluice 590
(二)水资源与抗洪 Water Resources and Anti-flood 591
1.防洪 Flood Prevention 591
(二)水资源与抗洪 Water Resources and Anti-flood 591
2.水资源与抗洪 Water Resources and Anti-flood 592
十六、环境保护 Environmental Protection 597
(一)环境问题 Environmental Problems 597
1.城市环境问题 Urban Environmental Problems 597
十六、环境保护 Environmental Protection 597
(一)环境问题 Environmental Problems 597
2.环境污染 Environmental Pollution 598
3.环境问题 Environmental Problems 599
1.环保措施 Environmental Protection Measures 601
(二)环境保护 Environmental Protection 601
(二)环境保护 Environmental Protection 601
2.城市规划 City Planning 605
3.废物处理与噪声控制 Waste Disposal and Noise Control 606