1.Introduction[Merie A. Sande],MD 1
I.BASIC PRINCIPLES 3
2.Basic Principles of Host Defense[Donald L. Granger],MD 3
Innate Host Defenses 4
Defense Mechanisms at the Physiologic Level 4
Innate Defense Mechanisms at the Cellular Level 5
Defense Mechanisms at the Level of Protein Molecules 10
Humoral Immunity 11
Adaptive Immune Responses 11
Cell-Mediated Immunity 15
Authors 15
Preface 20
3.Basic Principles of Microbial Virulence[David A. Relman],MD 20
Microorganisms as Pathogens 20
Regulation of Virulence 22
Adherence Colonization 22
Toxins 24
Entry Into Life within Host Cells 24
Manipulation or Avoidance of the Host Immune Response 25
Transmission Life Outside the Mammalian Host 26
Etiologic Agent Susceptibility Testing 28
4.General Principles of Antimicrobial Therapy[Walter R. Wilson],MD 28
Dosage Route of Administration 29
Underlying Host Factors 30
Monitoring the Response to Antimicrobial Therapy 32
5.Infection Prevention in Healthcare Settings[Cathryn Louise Murphy],RN,PhD,CIC,[Susan A. Resnik,] RN,Dip IC,CIC(Syd), [Julie Louise Gerberding],MD,MPH 33
Role of the Infection Control Practitioner 33
The Infection Control Committee 34
Infection Control Policies Procedures 34
Role of the Healthcare Epidemiologist 34
Infection Monitoring Prevention 35
Patient Isolaion 35
Preventing Antimicrobial-Agent-Resistant Infections 36
Hand Hygiene 36
Asepsis 38
Occupational Health Issues 39
Infectious Conditions of Concern 39
Blood-Borne Pathogens 39
Vaccine-Preventable Diseases 40
Tuberculosis 40
New Emerging Agents 41
6.Laboratory Diagnosis[W. Lawrence Drew],MD,PhD,[Franklin R. Cockerill,III],MD, [Nancy K. Henry],PhD,MD 43
Diagnosis of Bacterial, Fungal, Parasitic Infections 43
Rapid, Direct Test Methods Culture-Based Methods 51
Serologic Test Methods 55
Molecular Test Methods 55
Susceptibility Testing of Bacterial Fungal Isolates to Antimicrobial Agents 55
Cytology 57
Diagnosis of Viral Infections 57
Culture-Based Methods 57
Serologic Test Methods 61
Detection of Viral Antigens 61
Molecular Test Methods 63
II. CLINICAL SYNDROMES 65
7. Infections of the Central Nervous System[Zell A. McGee],MD 65
Acute Bacterial Meningitis 65
Aseptic Meningitis Syndrome 73
Infectious Disorders With Dementia as a Dominant Feature 76
Infections Presenting as Spinal Cord Syndromes 77
Infections Presenting as Stroke Syndromes 77
Infectious Disorders with Focal Disturbances as a Dominant Feature 78
Infectious Disorders Involving Cranial Nerves 82
Infectious Disorders with Dysphagia Dysarthria as Dominant Features 82
Chalazion 85
Blepharitis 85
Preseptal Cellulitis 85
Hordeolum 85
Eyelid Infection 85
8.Infections of the Eye Orbit[Marlene L. Durand],MD 85
The Tear Film 86
Lacrimal System Infections 86
Dacryocystitis 87
Canaliculitis 87
Dacryoadenitis 87
Orbital Infections 87
Conjunctivitis 89
Subperiosteal Abscess 89
Cavemous Sinus Thrombosis 89
Orbital Abscess 89
Orbital Cellulitis 89
Hyperacute Conjunctivitis 90
Acute Conjunctivitis 90
Chronic Conjunctivitis 91
Keratitis (Comeal Ulcer) 92
Bacterial Keratitis 92
Fungal Keratitis 93
Parasitic Keratitis 93
Viral Keratitis 93
Interstitial Keratitis 93
Endophthalmitis 94
Postcataract Endophthalmitis 94
Bleb-Related Endophthalmitis 94
Post-Traumatic Endophthalmitis 94
Endogenous Endophthalmitis 94
Cytomegalovirus 96
Tuberculosis 96
Syphilis 96
Candida Species 96
Toxoplasma 96
Posterior Uveitis 96
Anterior Uveitis 96
Uveitis Retinitis 96
9.Upper Respiratory Tract Infections［Abinash Virk］,MD ［Nancy K.Henry］，PhD，MD 98
The Common Cold 98
Pharyngitis 100
Acute Laryngitis 103
Acute laryngotracheobronchitis (Croup) 104
Acute Epiglottitis 106
Otitis Media 108
Otitis Externa 112
Acute Chronic Sinusitis 113
10.Tracheobronchitis Lower Respiratory Tract Infections [Abinash Virk], MD [Walter R. Wilson], MD 118
Acute Bronchitis 118
Chronic Bronchitis Acute Exacerbations 121
Bronchiolitis 125
Pneumonia 128
Parapneumonic Effusion Pleural Empyema 144
Lung Abscess 148
11.Infective Endocarditis [James M. Steckelberg], MD [Walter R. Wilson], MD 155
12.Intra-Abdominal Infections[Jeffery S. Loutit], MB, ChB 164
Abdominal Pain 164
Clinical Syndromes 165
Peritonitis 165
Intraperitoneal Abscess 171
Caecitis(Typhlitis) 175
Acute Cholecystitis 175
Appendicitis 175
Cholangitis 176
13.Skin Soft-Tissue Infections[Mark P. Wilhelm],MD,FACP [Randall S. Edson],MD,FACP 177
The Pyodermas 177
Impetigo 177
Erysipelas 179
Ecthyma 179
Cellulitis 181
Cutaneous Abscesses 182
Furuncles Carbuncles 182
Necrotizing Soft-Tissue Infections 183
Folliculitis 183
Clostridial Myonecrosis(Gas Gangrene) 184
Necrotizing Fasciitis 185
Progressive Bacterial Synergistic Gangrene 186
Anaerobic Cellulitis 186
Infections Associated with Human or Animal Bites 187
Diabetic Foot Infections 187
14.Osteomyelitis, Infectious Arthritis Prosthetic-Joint Infection[Douglas R. Osmon],MD [James M. Steckelberg],MD 191
Osteomyelitis 191
Infectious Arthritis 197
Prosthetic-Joint Infection 199
15.Sexually Transmitted Diseases[John W. Wilson],MD [Nancy K. Henry], MD, PhD 203
Urethritis 203
Cervicitis 207
Vulvovaginitis 208
Genital Ulcer Disease 212
Other Sexually Transmitted Diseases 215
Skin Mucous Membrane Diseases 215
Pelvic Inflammatory Disease 215
Epididymitis 215
Proctitis 215
Community-Acquired Urinary Tract Infections 220
16.Urinary Tract Infections[Walter R. Wilson],MD [Nancy K. Henry], PhD, MD 220
Nosocomially Acquired Urinary Tract Infections 227
17.Sepsis Syndrome[Andrew D. Badley],MD [James M. Steckelberg],MD 231
18.Fever of Unknown Origin[Julie Brahmer],MD [Merle A. Sande],MD 240
19.Fever Rash[Peter K. Lindenauer],MD MSc [Merle A. Sande],MD 247
Patient History 247
Season Geographic Setting 249
Special Populations 249
20.Infectious Diarrhea[William P. Ciesla, Jr.],MD [Richard L. Guerrant],MD 255
21.Hepatobiliary Infections[Paul B. Eckburg],MD [Jose G. Montoya],MD 269
Infections of the Liver 271
Acute Viral Hepatitis 271
Chronic Viral Hepatitis 273
Granulomatous Hepatitis 275
Hepatic Abscess 276
Liver Infections in Patients with HIV 279
Infections of the Biliary Tract 280
Acute Calculous Cholecystitis 280
Acute Acalculous Cholecystitis 281
Acute Cholangitis 282
Sclerosing Cholangitis 284
Recurrent Pyogenic Cholangitis 284
AIDS-Related Cholangitis 285
22.Obstetric Gynecologic Infections[Yenijean S. Hwang],MD [Merle A. Sande],MD 287
Gynecologic Infections 287
Vulvovaginitis 287
Cervicitis 289
Pelvic Inflammatory Disease 292
Infections after Gynecologic Surgery 295
Chorioamnionitis 296
Intrapartum Postpartum Infections 296
Postpartum Endometritis 297
Puerperal Ovarian Vein Thrombophlebitis(POVT) 299
Episiotomy Infections 301
Septic Abortion 302
Infections of Special Concern During Pregnancy 303
Group B Streptococcus(GBS) 303
Teratogenic Infections Other Infections of Concern in Pregnancy 305
Syphilis in Pregnancy 305
Toxoplasmosis in Pregnancy 307
Cytomegalovirus in Pregnancy 308
Rubella in Pregnancy 309
Varicella Infection During Pregnancy 310
Herpes Simplex Virus Infections in Pregnancy 310
Human Papillomavirus in Pregnancy 311
Measles, Mumps, Parvovirus Infection in Pregnancy 311
III.SPECLAL PATIENT POPULATIONS 315
23.Patients With AIDS[Dani-Margot Zavasky],MD,[Julie L. Gerberding],MD,MPH [Merie A. Sande],MD 315
Predictors Of Disease Progression 316
Clinical Syndromes 317
24.Infections In Transplant Recipients[Robin Patel],MD 328
Bacterial Infections 331
Common Bacterial Infections 331
Legionella Species 333
Nocardia Species 333
Salmonella Species 333
Listeria Monocytogenes 333
Viral Infections 336
Cytomegalovirus 336
Varicella Zoster Virus 339
Herpes Simplex Virus 339
Epstein Barr Virus* 340
Other Viruses 341
Fungal Infections 341
Pneumocystic Carinii 341
Candida Species 342
Cryptococcus Neoformans 342
Mycelial Fungi 342
Mycobacterial Infections 343
Mycobacterium Tuberculosis 343
Toxoplasma Gondii 344
Strongyloides Stercoralis 344
Nontuberculous Mycobacteria 344
Trypanosoma Cruzi 344
Parasitic Infections 344
25.Patients with Neutropenia Fever[David Dockrell],MD [Linda L. Lewis],MD 347
26.Patients with Recurrent Infections Leukocyte Abnormalities[Timothy R. La Pine],MD [Harry R. Hill],MD 356
T-Lymphocyte Defects 356
Severe Combined Immunodeficiency 359
Wiskott-Aldrich Syndrome 360
Purine-Nucleoside Phosphorylase Deficiency 360
DiGeorge Syndrome 360
Ataxia-Telangiectasia 361
B-Lymphocyte Defects 361
Bruton s Agammaglobulinemia 362
X-Linked Hypogammaglobulinemia with Normal to Increased IgM Concentrations 362
Selective IgA Deficiency 363
Common Variable Immunodeficiency 363
Defects in the Phagocytic System Its Related Immunodeficiency Syndromes 363
Leukocyte Adhesion Deficiency 364
Chronic Granulomatous Disease 365
Job s Syndrome 365
Chediak-Higashi Syndrome 366
The Complement System Its Related Defects 367
Deficiency of Cl Complex C4 368
Deficiency of C2 368
Deficiency of C3 368
Deficiency of C5-C9 368
Properdin Deficiency 368
27.Enterovlruses[W.Lawrence Drew],MD,PhD 371
IV. VIRAL INFECTIONS 371
Clinical Syndromes 373
Poliovirus Infections 373
Coxsackievirus Echovirus Infections 373
28.Rhinoviruses[W. Lawrance Drew],MD,PhD 377
Rhinovirus Infection 377
29.Infiuenza[Lisa Danzig],MD [Keiji Fukuda],MD,MPH 380
Influenza Infection 381
Acute Laryngotracheobronchitis(Croup) 388
Clinical Syndromes 388
30.Parainfluenza Virus[Gregory Sonnen],MD [Nancy Henry],MD,PhD 388
Bronchiolitis 389
Pneumonia 390
31.Respiratory Syncytial Virus[Gregory Sonnen],MD [Nancy Henry],MD,PhD 392
Clinical Syndromes 392
Bronchiolitis 392
Pneumonia 393
32.Adenoviruses[W. Lawrence Drew],MD,PhD 396
Acute Gastroenteritis 397
Conjunctivitis 397
Acute Respiratory Disease 397
Clinical Syndromes 397
Acute Hemorrhagic Cystitis 398
Systemic Infection in Immunocompromised Patients 398
33.Herpesviruses[W. Lawrence Drew],MD,PhD 400
Herpes Simplex Virus 400
Varicella-Zoster Virus 404
Cytomegalovirus 406
Epstein-Barr Virus 408
Human Herpesvirus Type6 410
Other Herpesviruses 411
34.Measles[Gregory Sonnen],MD [Nancy Henry],MD,PhD*413++Clinical Syndromes Clinical Syndromes 413
Typical Measles 413
Modified Measles 415
Atypical Measles 416
35.Mumps[Gregory Sonnen],MD [Nancy Henry],MD,PhD 418
36.Rubella[Gregory Sonnen],MD [Nancy Henry],MD,PhD 421
Postnatally Acquired Rubella 421
Congenital Rubella Syndrome 422
37.Rotavirus[Gregory Sonnen],MD [Nancy Henry],MD,PhD 426
38.Other Gastrointestinal Vlruses[W. Lawrence Drew],MD,PhD 429
Human Enteric Caliciviruses:Norwalk Related Viruses 429
Astroviruses 430
Adenovirus 430
39.Hepatitis[W. Lawrence Drew],MD, PhD 431
Hepatitis A 431
Hepatitis B 434
Hepatitis D (Delta Hepatitis) 438
Hepatitis C 439
Hepatitis E 440
Hepatitis G 441
40.HIV Other Retroviruses[W. Lawrence Drew],MD,PhD 442
Virology of the Retroviruses 442
Oncoviruses(HTLV-I) 447
41.Poxviruses[W. Lawrence Drew], MD, PhD 448
Clinical Syndromes 448
Molluscum Contagiosum 448
Zoonotic Poxviruses 449
42.Parvoviruses[W. Lawrence Drew],MD, PhD 451
Erythema Infectiosum 451
Aplastic Crisis 452
43.Viral Infection of the Central Nervous System[W. Lawrence Drew],MD,PhD 453
Arthropod-Borne Viral Encephalitis 453
Lymphocytic Choriomeningitis(LCM) 456
Rabies 456
Nipah Virus 458
Progressive Multifocal Leukoencephalopathy 459
Diseases Caused by Unconventional Agents 460
Creutzfeldt-Jakob Disease 460
Kuru 461
44.Miscellaneous Systemic Viral Syndromes[W. Lawrence Drew],MD, PhD 463
Dengue ellow Fever 463
Marburg Ebola Virus 466
Hantaviruses 467
Colorado Tick Fever 468
Lassa Other Hemorrhagic Fever 469
45.Papovaviruses[W. Lawrence Drew], MD, PhD 471
Papillomaviruses 471
Clinical Syndromes 471
Skin Warts 471
Benign Head Neck Tumors 471
Anogenital Warts 471
Cervical Dysplasia Neoplasia 471
Papovaviruses 472
Clinical Syndromes 473
V.BACTERIAL INFECTIONS 475
46.Staphylococci[Karen Bloch],MD, MPH 475
Staphylococcus Aureus 475
Clinical Syndromes 477
Pyogenic Cutaneous Infections 477
Nonpyogenic Skin Infections 478
Toxic Shock Syndrome 480
Primary Bacteremia Endocarditis 481
Osteomyelitis 483
Coagulase-Negative Staphylococci 485
Bacteremia Endocarditis 485
Urinary Tract Infections 486
47.Streptococcus Pneumoniae[Jerrey N. Martin],MD,MPH 489
Clinical Syndromes 492
Pneumonia 492
Meningitis 495
Other Syndromes 499
48.Streptococcus Pyogenes[Dennis L. Stevens],MD,PhD 502
Clinical Syndromes 504
Pharyngitis the Asymptomatic Carrier 504
Scarlet Fever 504
Cellulitis 505
Streptococcal Pyoderma (Impetigo Contagiosa) 505
Erysipelas 505
Lymphangitis 506
Necrotizing Fasciitis 506
Myositis 506
Pneumonia 507
Streptococcal Toxic Shock Syndrome 507
49.Enterococci[Robin Patel],MD 511
Clinical Syndromes 513
Urinary Tract Infection 513
Bacteremia Endocarditis 513
Intra-Abdominal Pelvic Infection 513
Wound Soft Tissue Infection 513
Meningitis 513
Neonatal Sepsis 513
Viridans Group Streptococci, Including Abiotrophia Defectiva Abiotrophia Adjacens 518
50.Other Gram-Positive Cocci[Robin Patel],MD 518
Clinical Syndromes 519
Group B streptococcus(S Agalactiae) 520
Clinical Syndromes 521
Streptococcus Dysgalactiae Subspecies:Equisilimis Streptococcus Zooepidemicus 523
Clinical Syndromes 524
Streptococcus Bovis 525
Clinical Syndromes 525
Other Gram-Positive Cocci 526
Streptococcus Iniae 526
Leuconostoc Species 526
Helcococcus Kunzii 527
Globicatella Species 527
Lactococcus Species 527
Micrococcus Species 527
Alloiococcus Otitis 527
Gemella Species 527
Aerococcus Species 527
Stomatococcus Mucilaginosus 527
Pediococcus Species 527
51.Gram-Positive Aerobic Bacilli[Jeffrey S. Loutit],MD [David A. Relman],MD 528
Listeria Monocytogenes 528
Anthrax 530
Other Bacillus Species 532
Diphtheria 533
Corynebacterium Jeikeium 536
Other Corynebacterium Species 536
Erysipelothrix Rhusiopathiae 536
52.Neisseria Gonorrhoeae Neisseria Meningitidis[D. Scott Smith],MD [David A. Relman], MD 538
Neisseria Gonorrhoeae 538
Neisseria Meningitidis 541
Escherichia coli 548
53.Enteritis Caused by Escherichia coll Shigella Salmonella Species[Gary W. Procop],MD [Franklin Cockerill III],MD 548
Clinical Syndromes 553
Shigella Species 556
Salmonella Species 559
Enteric Fever 561
Salmonella Enteritis 562
54.Pseudomonas Aeruginoss[David Dockrell],MD [Walter R. Wilson],MD 567
Pulmonary Infections 568
Infections in Patients with Cystic Fibrosis 570
Bacteremia 570
Skin Soft Tissue Infections 571
Urinary Tract Infection 572
Ear, Nose Throat Infections 572
Orthopedic Infections 572
Endocarditis 573
Gastrointestinal Infections 574
Central Nervous System Infection 574
Ophthalmologic Infection 574
Infection in Patients with AIDS 575
Other Pseudomonas Species of Medical Importance 579
P Pseudomallei Melioidosis 579
P Mallei(Glanders) 579
Stenotrophomonas Maltophilia 579
Burkholderia Cepacia 579
55.Helicobacter Pylorl[Jay V. Solnick],MD,PhD [Javeed Siddiqui],MD,MPH 581
56.Haemophilus, Bordetella, Branhamella Species[Joseph W. St. Geme III],MD 587
Haemophilus Influenzae Other Haemophilus Species 587
Clinical Syndromes 587
Bordetella Species 596
Clinical Syndromes 597
Branhamella Catarrhalis 600
Clinical Syndromes 600
Vibrio Cholera Infections 603
57.Vibrio Campylobacter[Gary W.Procop,]MD [Frank R.Cockenill IN,]MD 603
Clinical Syndromes 604
Other Vibrio Infections 605
Clinical Syndromes 607
Noncholera Gastroenteritis 607
Extraintestinal Disease 608
Campylobacter Infections 609
Campylobacter Enteritis 611
Extraintestinal Campylobacteriosis 612
58.Legionella[Michael Bell],MD 614
Clinical Syndromes 615
59.Important Anaerobes[Jorge Villacian],MD [James Steckelberg],MD 620
Clinical Syndromes 621
Head Neck 621
Central Nervous System 623
Respiratory Tract 623
Intra-Abdominal 624
Female Genital Tract 624
Osteomyelitis 625
Bacteremia 625
Toxin-Mediated Infections 625
Skin, Soft Tissue, Bone Infections 625
60.Brucella, Francisella, Pasteurella, Yersinia, and HACEK[Elie F. Berbari],MD [Walter R. Wilson],MD 630
Brucellosis 630
Tularemia 632
Plague 635
Yersiniosis 637
Pasteurella 639
HACEK Infection 641
61.Tuberculosis[Julie Brahmer],MD [Merle A. Sande],MD 644
Clinical Syndromes 645
Pulmonary Tuberculosis 645
Extrapulmonary Tuberculosis 646
Tuberculosis in Patients with HIV Infection 646
62.Other Mycobacteria[Julie Brahmer],MD,[Yenjean Hwang],MD [Merle A. Sande],MD 653
Clinical Syndromes 653
Mycobacterium Avium Complex(Disseminated Pulmonary Disease) 653
Mycobacterium Leprae(Leprosy) 655
Mycobacterium Kansasii(Chronic Pulmonary Infection) 656
Mycobacterium Scrofulaceum(Lymphadenitis) 657
Mycobacterium Bovis(Tuberculosis in Animals) 657
Mycobacterium Marinum(Classic Fish Tank Granuloma) 657
63.Actinomycetes[Phyllis C. Tien],SM MD, [David A. Relman],MD 662
Nocardia 662
Actinomyces 665
Other Actinomycetes 667
64.Treponema Pallidum[Fred A. Lopez],MD [David A. Relman],MD 669
Primary Syphilis 670
Secondary Syphilis 672
Latent Syphilis 673
Late Syphilis 673
Congenital Syphilis 674
Borrelia Species 680
Relapsing Fever 680
65.Borrelia Leptospira Species[Sandra Chaparro], MD [Jose G. Montoya],MD 680
Lyme Disease 682
Leptospira Species 686
66.Mycoplasma Ureaplasma[Jose G. Montoya],MD 690
M Pneumoniae Infection Disease 690
Infections Caused by U Urealyticum Other Mycoplasmas 693
67.Chlamydia[Jose G. Montoya],MD 694
C Trachomatis Infections 695
C Psittaci Infections 699
C Pneumoniae Infections 700
68.Coxiella, Ehrlichia, Rickettsia[Jeffery S. Loutit],MD 703
Coxiella Burnetii Infection(Q Fever) 703
Ehrlichia Infection(Ehrlichiosis) 705
Rickettsial Infections 708
Rocky Mountain Spotted Fever 708
Rickettsialpox 710
Epidemic(Louse-Borne)Typhus 711
Endemic(Murine)Typhus 711
Scrub Typhus 711
Other Spotted Fevers 711
69.Bartonella[Phyllis C. Tlen],MD [Jeffery S. Loutit],MB Chb 713
Clinical Syndromes 713
Bacillary Angiomatosis 715
B Bacilliformis-Associated Disease 716
Fever Bacteremia/Trench Fever/Endocarditis 716
Cat Scratch Disease 716
Clinical Syndromes 721
70.Histoplasma Capsulatum[Zelaiem Temesgen],MD 721
Pulmonary Infections 721
VI.FUNGAL INFECTIONS 721
Disseminated Histoplasmosis 722
Histoplasmosis in AIDS 723
Clinieal Syndromes 726
Pulmonary Infection 726
71.Blastomyces Dermatitidis [Zelalem Temesgen],MD 726
Extrapulmonary Infection 727
Blastomycosis AIDS 728
Btastomycosis in Other Immunoeompromised Hosts 728
72.Coccidiodes [Caroline Milne],MD [Merte A.Sande],*MD 731
73.Candida Species [Christopher R. Fox],MD [Merle A. Sande],MD 734
Cundida Dermatitis 735
Oral Candidiasis 735
Clinical Syndromes 735
Esophagcal Candidiasis 738
Candida Vulvovaginitis 738
Candiduria,Cundida Cystitis Urinary Tract Candidiasis 740
Candidemia Disseminated Candidiasis 740
Candida Endocarditis 742
Cl Candidiasis(Nonesophagedl) 742
Other Candida Syndromes 743
74.Cryptococus Neoformans [James.J Chamberlain],MD [Donald L.Granger],MD 745
75.Aspergillus, Pseudallescheria, Agents of Mucormycosis[Michael R. Keating],MD 751
Aspergillus Infection 751
Clinical Syndromes 752
Pseudallescheria Boydii Infection 759
Mucormycosis 760
Clinical Syndromes 761
Cutaneous Sporotrichosis 764
Clinical Syndromes 764
Extracutaneous Sporotrichosis 764
76.Sporothrix Schenckii[Zelalem Temesgen],MD 764
Disseminated Sporotrichosis 765
77.Fusarium, Penicillium, Paracoccidioides, Agents of Chromomycosis[Michael R. Keating],MD 768
Fusarium Infection 768
Penicillium Infection 770
Paracoccidioidomycosis 772
Chromomycosis 774
78.Dermatophytes[D. Scott Smith],MS,MD [David A. Relman],MD 777
79.Pneumocystic Carinii[James J. Chamberlain],MD [Kristen Ries],MD 785
P Carinii Pneumonia 786
Extrapulmonary P Carinii Infections 786
Clinical Syndromes 786
80.Malaria Babesia[Gary W. Procop],MD [David H. Persing],MD,PhD 793
Plasmodium Species 793
VII.PARASITIC INFECTIONS 793
P Falciparum Malaria 797
Nonfalciparum Malaria(P Vivax, P Ovale, P Malariae) 798
Babesia Species 803
81.Toxoplasma Gondii[Jose G. Montoya],MD 807
Entamoeba Histolytica Entamoeba Dispar 817
Clinical Syndromes 817
82.Pathogenic Amebas[Christopher R. Fox],MD [Merle A. Sande],MD 817
Intestinal Disease 818
Amebic Liver Abscess 819
Acanthamoeba Infection 822
Naegleria Fowleri Infection 822
Pathogenic Free-Living Amebas 822
83.Cryptosporidium, Cyclospora, Isospora Species Microsporidia[Stephanie Boade Silas],MD [DeVon C. Hale],MD 824
Cryptosporidium 824
Clinical Syndromes 825
Cyclospora 828
Isospora 830
Microsporidia 831
Clinical Syndromes in Non-HIV--Infected Patients 832
Clinical Syndromes in HIV-Infected Patients 833
84.Glardia[Stephanie Boade Silas],MD [DeVon C. Hale],MD 836
Clinical Syndromes 838
85.Leishmania Trypanosoma[D. Scott Smith],MD [David A. Relman],MD 842
Leishmania 842
Trypanosoma 847
American Trypanosomiasis(Chagas Disease) 847
African Trypanosomiasis 849
Intestinal Nematode Infections 855
86.Nematodes[James M. Steckelberg],MD [Walter R. Wilson],MD 855
Ascariasis 855
B.HELMINTHS 855
Enterobiasis 856
Ancylostomiasis and Necatoriasis 856
Strongyloidiasis 857
Tissue Nematode Infections 858
Lymphatic Filariasis 858
Trichuriasis 858
Other Filarial Infections 859
Other Tissue Nematode Infections 860
87.Cestodes[Andrew D. Badley],MD, [James M. Steckelberg],MD [Walter R. Wilson],MD 863
Diphyllobothrium Latum Infection 863
Taenia Solium Infection 864
Cysticercosis(Cysticercus Cellulosea Infection) 866
Taenia Saginata Infection 867
Hymenolepis Nana Infection 868
Hymenolepis Diminuata 869
Dipylidium Caninum Infection 869
Echinococcal Infection 870
Clinical Syndromes 872
Blood Fluke Infection(Schistosomiasis) 872
88.Trematodes[Walter R. Wilson], MD [James M. Steckelberg],MD 872
Liver Fluke Infections(Clonorchiasis, Opisthorchiasis, Fascioliasis) 875
Intestinal Fluke Infection(Fasciolopsiasis) 876
Lung Fluke Infection(Paragonimiasis) 876
89.Infections in Travelers[DeVon C. Hale],MD [Caroline Milne],MD 877
Pretravel Evaluation 877
VIII.MISCELLANEOUS INFECTIONS 877
Diseases Requiring Special Attention 884
90.Zoonotic Infections[D. Scott Smith],MD and [David A. Relman],MD 891
91.Ectoparasltic Infestations Arthropod Stings Bites[Walter R. Wilson],MD [James M. Steckelberg],MD 899
Ectoparasitic Infestation 899
Arthropod Stings Bites 903
Index 906
Vibrio Infections 6030