CHAPTER1．Language Measurement:Its Purposes,Its Types,Its Evaluation 1
1.1 Purposes of Language Tests 1
1.2 Types of Language Tests 4
1.3 Evaluation of Tests 9
Preface by Halliday 10
王宗炎序 11
1.4 Summary/Exercises 13
Preface by Chomsky 14
CHAPTER2.Measurement Scales 15
2.1 What Is a Measurement Scale? 15
2.2 What Are the Major Categories of Measurement Scales? 15
沈家煊序 21
2.3 Questionnaires and Attitude Scales 21
导读 24
2.4 Scale Transformations 26
2.5 Summary/Exercises 29
Preface 29
CHAPTER3. Data Management in Measurement 31
3.1 Scoring 31
3.2 Coding 35
3.3 Arranging and Grouping of Test Data 36
3.4 Summary/Exercises 41
CHAPTER4. Item Analysis :Item Uniqueness 43
4.1 Avoiding Problems at the Item-Writing Stage 43
4.3 Item Difficulty 48
4.2 Appropriate Distractor Selection 48
4.4 Item Discriminability 51
4.5 Item Variability 54
4.6 Distractor Tallies 55
4.7 Summary/Exercises 55
CHAPTER5.Item and Test Relatedness 57
5.1 Pearson Product-Moment Correlation 57
5.2 The Phi Coefficient 67
5.3 Point Biserial and Biserial Correlation 68
5.5 COrrelation and Explanation 69
5.4 Correction for Part-Whole Overlap 69
5.6 Summary/Exercises 70
CHAPTER6.Language Test Reliability 73
6.1 What Is Reliability? 73
6.2 True Score and the Standard Error of Measurement 74
6.3 Threats to Test Reliability 75
6.4 Methods of Reliability Computation 80
6.5 Reliability and Test Length 85
6.6 Correction for Attenuation 85
6.7 Summary/Exercises 86
CHAPTER7.Test Validity 89
7.1 What Is Validity of Measurement? 89
7.2 Validity in Relation to Reliability 89
7.3 Threats to Test Validity 91
7.4 Major Kinds of Validity 94
7.5 Summary/Exercises 105
8.1 Classical vs.Latent Trait Measurement Theory 107
CHAPTER8.Latent Trait Measurement 107
8.2 Advantages Offered by Latent Trait Theory 108
8.3 Competing Latent Trait Models 116
8.4 Summary/Exercises 125
CHAPTER9.Item Banking,Machine Construction of Tests,and Computer Adaptive Testing 127
9.1 Item Banking 127
9.2 Machine Construction of Tests 135
9.3 Computer Adaptive Testing 136
9.4 Summary/Exercises 140
10.1 Affective Evaluation 143
10.2 Cognitive Evaluation 144
10.3 Evaluation of Delivery Systems 148
10.4 Statistical Procedures 152
10.5 Summary/Exercises 157
Bibliography 159
Appendix A:Tables 165
Appendix B:Answers to Questions 173
Appendix C:Glossary 189
文库索引 199