Part I: Development, Structure, and Function 1
1.Overview of the Respiratory System 3
Overall structure and function 3
The dvenamics of breathing 5
Control of breathing 5
Summary of respiratory functions 5
Preface 5
Acknowledgements 7
2.Organization of the Respiratory System 7
Upper respiratory tract 7
Dedication 10
Lower respiratory tract 13
Organization of the pulmonary circulation 22
Defence mechanisms of the Iungs 25
Metabolic functions of the Iungs 28
Ventilation 31
3.venfilatio and Gax Exchange 31
Mechanics of breathing 37
Dynamics of ventilation 47
Gaseous exchange in the Iungs 54
4.Perfusion and Gas Transport 59
pulmonary blood flow 59
The ventilation:perfusion relationship 67
Gas transport in the blood 72
Acid-base balance 80
5.Control of Respiratory function 87
Control of ventilation 87
Respiratory response to extreme environments 97
6.Pharrmacology of the respiratory System 103
Drugs and the respiratory system 103
Part II: Clinical Assessment 109
The history 111
7.Taking a History 111
Common presenting complaints 113
8.Examination of the Patient 125
General inspection 125
Hands and limbs 127
Head and neck 130
The thorax 135
9.Further Investigations 141
Investigations of respiratory function 141
Routine investigations 147
Imaging of the respiratory system 151
Part III: Basic Pathology 161
10.Pathology of the Upper Respiatory Tract 163
The nose and nasopharynx 163
The Iarynx 166
Congenital abnormalities 171
11.Pathology of the Lungs 171
Atelectasis 172
Vascular disease 173
Pulmonary disease 180
Infections of the Iung 189
Interstitial disease of the Iung 196
diseases of iatrogenic origin 202
Neoplastic disease of the Iung 204
Diseases of the pleura 211
Part IV: Self-assessment 215
MUltiple-choice Questions 217
Short-answer Questions 222
Essay Questions 223
MCQ Answers 224
SAQ Answers 225
Index 229