Chapter One Medicinal Plants and Phytomedicines 1
1.1 Concepts of Medicinal Plants 1
Passage 1 Medicinal Plants 1
Passage 2 Medicinal Plants from Ancient Times to the Present 4
Passage 3 Background of Agricultural and Collection Practices for Medicinal Plants 6
Passage 4 African Medicinal Plants 8
Passage 5 Traditions and Medicinal Plants 10
1.2 History of Medicinal Plants and Phytomedicines 13
Passage 1 Historical Review of Medicinal Plants'Usage PartⅠ 13
Passage 2 Historical Review of Medicinal Plants'Usage PartⅡ 17
Passage 3 Historical Review of Medicinal Plants'Usage PartⅢ 21
Passage 4 Historical Review of Medicinal Plants'Usage PartⅣ 24
Passage 5 Increasing Popularity of Medicinal Plants 26
1.3 Medicinal Plant Resources and Classification 28
Passage 1 Medicinal Plant Resources 28
Passage 2 The Conservation of Medicinal Plants 30
Passage 3 Medicinal Plant Resources in Nature 33
Passage 4 Cultivation of Medicinal Plants in Asia 37
Passage 5 Medicinal Plants and Phytomedicines 39
1.4 Medicinal Plants and Health 41
Passage 1 Medicinal Plants：A Re-emerging Health Aid—PartⅠ 41
Passage 2 Medicinal Plants：A Re-emerging Health Aid—PartⅡ 43
Passage 3 Underrated Medicinal Plants—PartⅠ 46
Passage 4 Underrated Medicinal Plants—PartⅡ 49
Passage 5 Underrated Medicinal Plants—PartⅢ 53
1.5 The Importance of Medicinal Plants in the Domestic and Foreign Medical Field 56
Passage 1 The Importance and Scope of Medicinal Plants 56
Passage 2 Medicinal Plants Are Important for Today's Medicines 59
Passage 3 Role of Traditional Medicine in Public Health 61
Passage 4 Traditional Practices and Importance of Medicinal Plants 64
Passage 5 Traditional Medicine in the Health System 65
1.6 More Readings 68
Passage 1 Sustainable Utilization of Traditional Chinese Medicine Resources 68
Passage 2 Nutraceuticals and Functional Foods 70
Passage 3 Cultivation of Medicinal Plants 73
Passage 4 Ecological Impact of Medicinal Plants 75
Passage 5 Management of Medicinal Plants in the Himalayas of Nepal 78
Chapter Two Cultivation of Medicinal Plants 81
2.1 An Overview 81
Passage 1 Research and Implementation of Good Agricultural Practice for Traditional Chinese Medicinal Materials in Jilin Province 81
Passage 2 Traditional Chinese Medicine in North America：Opportunities for Small Farms？ 84
Passage 3 WHO Guidelines on Good Agricultural and Collection Practices（GACP）for Medicinal Plants 87
Passage 4 Herbs Farming 91
Passage 5 The Movement Toward Organic Herb Cultivation in China 95
2.2 Cultivation 98
Passage 1 Cultivation of Medicinal and Aromatic Plants for Specialty Industrial Materials 98
Passage 2 Vegetative Forms of Propagation 101
Passage 3 Genetic Transformation Systems for Medicinal Plants and Public Perception of Biotechnology 105
Passage 4 Assessing African Medicinal Plants for Efficacy and Safety 109
Passage 5 Guidelines for Sustainable Cultivation and Harvesting of Medicinal Plants 112
2.3 Cultivation Techniques 117
Passage 1 Cultivating Medicinal Herbs,with a Focus on At-risk Woodland Medicinals 117
Passage 2 Medical Cannabis Cultivation Methods 120
Passage 3 The Application of Drought Stress During the Cultivation of Medicinal Plants 123
Passage 4 Bringing Medicinal Plants into Cultivation：Opportunities and Challenges for Biotechnology 127
Passage 5 Seed Germination and Seedling Growth of Some Highly Traded Chinese Medicinal Plants 130
Chapter Three Germplasm Identification and Selective Breeding of Medicinal Plants 134
3.1 Application of Biotechnology on Germplasm Evaluation of Medicinal Plants 134
Passage 1 Advent of Next-generation Sequencing Platforms 134
Passage 2 Development and Characterization of EST-SSR Markers in the Chinese Medicinal Plant 138
Passage 3 Evaluation of Protein Extraction Methods for Vitis Vinifera Leaf and Root Proteome Analysis by Two-dimensional Electrophoresis（Adapted） 142
Passage 4 Genetic Variation and Metabolic Pathway Intricacy Govern the Active Compound Content and Quality of the Chinese Medicinal Plant（Adapted） 146
Passage 5 Discussion of NGS Applications 150
3.2 Molecular Marker-assisted Breeding 155
Passage 1 Crop Breeding for Salt Tolerance in the Era of Molecular Markers and Marker-assisted Selection（Adapted） 155
Passage 2 Marker-assisted Selection（MAS）in Rice 159
Passage 3 Modern Plant Breeding 164
Passage 4 Scientists Breed a Better Seed,Trait by Trait 168
Passage 5 What Exactly Is a Genetically Modified Plant？ 172
3.3 Tissue Culture Technology and Breeding 176
Passage 1 Plant Tissue Culture 176
Passage 2 The Many Dimensions of Plant Tissue Culture Research（Adapted） 180
Passage 3 Quantification of the Tissue-culture Induced Variation in Barley（Discussion） 185
Passage 4 Plant Tissue Culture：Current Status and Opportunities（Adapted） 188
Passage 5 Abstracts 193
3.4 Conventional Cross Breeding 196
Passage 1 Breeding Systems of Plant Species in the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau（Adapted） 196
Passage 2 Analysis of the Leaf Methylomes of Parents and Their Hybrids Provides New Insight into Hybrid Vigor in Populus Deltoids（Adapted） 199
Passage 3 Diversity of Genome Size and Ty1-copia in Epimedium Species Used for Traditional Chinese Medicines 204
Passage 4 Natural Hybridization of Wild Cucurbita Sororia Group and Domes-ticated C.Mixta in Southern Sonora,Mexico 212
Passage 5 Abstracts 216
Chapter Four Exploitation and Utilization of Medicinal Plants 220
4.1 Medicinal and Edible Plants 220
Passage 1 Cinnamon（Cinnamomum Zeylanicum）（Adapted） 220
Passage 2 Ganoderma Lucidum,Reishi or Ling Zhi,a Fungus Used in Oriental Medicine 224
Passage 3 Ginger（Zingiber Officinale） 227
Passage 4 Ginseng 230
Passage 5 Skullcap：Potential Medicinal Crop 233
4.2 Concept and Preparation of Phytomedicines 236
Passage 1 A New Dawn for the Use of Traditional Chinese Medicine in Cancer Therapy Apoptosis by TCM 236
Passage 2 Ginkgo（Ginkgo Biloba） 240
Passage 3 Introduction to Medicinal Plants 242
Passage 4 Metabolic Engineering Approaches for Production of Biochemicals in Food and Medicinal Plants（Adapted） 246
Passage 5 Synthesized Pharmaceutical Manufacturing Plants 250
4.3 Examples of Application 253
Passage 1 Chinese Bayberry 253
Passage 2 Health Benefits of Lavender Essential Oil 257
Passage 3 Health Benefits of Mint（Adapted） 261
Passage 4 Lotus Seed：Food and Medicine 264
Passage 5 The Use of Medicinal Plants（Adapted） 268