The Study of English Stress 1
Chapter 1 A Historical Overview 3
1.English Vocabulary 3
1.1 Definition 3
1.2 The Structure of English Vocabulary 4
1.3 Assimilated Forms 8
1.4 Derivatives 12
1.4.1 Different Senses 13
1.4.2 Slang ＆ Regional Variation 13
1.4.3 Abbreviations 14
1.4.4 Ad Hoc Compounds 14
1.4.5 Word Building — Living， Dying， and Dead Words 15
1.5 The Size of English Vocabulary 16
2.Conclusion 17
Chapter 2 Word Stress 26
1.Definition 26
2.Germanic 2-syllable Compound Words 28
3.Latinate 2-syllable Words 30
Chapter 3 Word Ending Stress Rules 34
1.Rules with No Exceptions 34
1.1 -tion 35
1.2 -ity 49
1.3 -ian 52
1.4 -ology 54
1.5 -ious/eous/uous 57
1.6 -sion/cion/xion 61
1.7 -ical 62
1.8 -ify 64
1.9 -graphy /grapher 65
1.10 -esce 66
1.11 -osis/isis/asis 67
1.12 -ician 68
1.13 -path/pathy 68
1.14 -itis 69
1.15 -yl 69
1.16 -lysis 70
1.17 -mony 70
1.18 -nion 71
1.19 -cracy 71
1.20 -genous/genize 71
1.21 -onomy 72
2.Rules with Exceptions 72
2.1 Endings in “ain” 73
2.2 Endings in “ate” 74
2.3 Endings in “ee” 83
2.4 Endings in “eer” 87
2.5 Endings in “ence” 87
2.6 Endings in “ese” 91
2.7 Endings in “que ” 92
2.8 Endings in “ette” 93
2.9 Endings in “eur” 95
2.10 Endings in “ia” 95
2.11 Endings in “iate” 97
2.12 Endings in “ic” 99
2.13 Endings in “ience” 107
2.14 Endings in “io ” 108
2.15 Endings in “ium ” 108
2.16 Endings in “ive” 109
2.17 Endings in “oon” 120
2.18 Endings in “o ” 121
Chapter 4 Compound Words and Stress 126
1.Compound Words： Stress on the First Word 126
2.Compound Words： Stress on the Second Word 190
Chapter 5 Shifting Stress 215
1.Introduction 215
1.1 What Is Functional Stress Shift？— A Definition 215
1.2 Functional Stress Shift — The Latinate Words 217
1.3 Functional Stress Shift — The Germanic Words 219
1.4 Functional Stress Shift — The Hybrid Words 220
1.5 Functional Stress Shift — The Historical Context 221
1.6 The Use of French Words 225
1.7 Pronunciation 226
2.Noun -Verb Functional Stress Shift： The Latinate Part 234
2.1 No Conversion 237
2.2 Partial Conversion 249
2.3 Conversion 285
2.4 Special Section： 2-syllable words 301
3.Noun-Verb Functional Stress Shift： The Germanic Part 305
3.1 The Major Pattern 306
3.2 The Minor Pattern 318
3.3 Other Combinations 334
3.4 Germanic Root ＋ Word 335
3.5 Unconverted Noun Forms 341
4.Noun-Verb Functional Stress Shift： The Hybrid Part 358
4.1 Latinate ＋ Other Words 360
4.2 Germanic ＋ Other Words 370
4.3 Other Multi-syllable Hybrid Words 375
4.4 Other Multi-syllable Words 380