1．Introduction 1
1.1 Concept of Intra-Body Communication 1
1.2 Safety Issue 2
1.3 Advantages of IBC 2
1.4 Applications of IBC 3
1.4.1 Biomedical monitoring 3
1.4.2 Consumer electronics 5
1.4.3 Secure space 6
1.4.4 Application prospect 6
1.5 The Scope of This Book 7
1.5.1 The modeling and the simulation of IBC 7
1.5.2 The implementing methods of IBC 7
1.5.3 Book contents 8
References 9
2．Theory Foundation 11
2.1 IBC Types 11
2.1.1 Electrostatic coupling type 11
2.1.2 Galvanic coupling IBC 12
2.2 Theoretical Analysis of Signal Transmission Within the Human Body 14
2.2.1 Signal represented as electromagnetic wave 14
2.2.2 Signal represented as current density 18
2.3 Theoretical Explanation of Galvanic Coupling IBC 20
2.4 Theoretical Explanation of Electrostatic Coupling IBC 22
2.4.1 Electric fields of electrostatic coupling IBC 22
2.4.2 Model of electrostatic coupling IBC 23
2.5 Conclusions 23
References 24
3．IBC Modeling Based on the Transfer Function Method 27
3.1 Current Researches 27
3.1.1 Galvanic coupling IBC 27
3.1.2 Electrostatic coupling IBC 29
3.2 IBC Modeling Based on the Transfer Function 31
3.2.1 Modeling of galvanic coupling IBC 31
3.2.2 Modeling of electrostatic coupling IBC 36
3.3 IBC Simulation Based on the Transfer Function 39
3.3.1 Method 39
3.3.2 Signal transmissions along arm 39
3.3.3 Signal transmissions along different paths 41
3.4 Discussions 45
References 45
4．IBC Modeling and Simulation Based on FEM 47
4.1 Finite-element Modeling Method 47
4.2 The Research Status 48
4.2.1 Research of ETH 48
4.2.2 Research of HKUST 49
4.3 Modeling of the Whole Human Body 49
4.3.1 The modeling of the head and the neck 51
4.3.2 The modeling of the torso 51
4.3.3 The modeling of the arm and the 52
4.3.4 The connection of the human body part models 52
4.4 IBC Simulation Based on FEM 52
4.4.1 Galvanic coupling IBC 52
4.4.2 Electrostatic coupling IBC 54
4.4.3 Electromagnetic parameters 57
4.5 Simulation Results and Analysis 58
4.5.1 Simulation results of galvanic coupling IBC 58
4.5.2 The measurement experiments 62
4.5.3 Simulation results of electrostatic coupling IBC 66
4.6 Conclusions 77
References 77
5．IBC Based on Electro-Optical Modulation 79
5.1 Current Studies 80
5.2 IBC Based on a Mach-Zehnder EO Modulator 81
5.2.1 Circuit model 82
5.2.2 Mathematical model 84
5.2.3 The complete mathematical model 88
5.3 Experiments 89
5.3.1 Sensitivity 89
5.3.2 Frequency response 91
5.3.3 Temperature characteristic 95
5.4 Conclusions 97
References 98
6．Signal Transmission System of IBC 99
6.1 Current Research 99
6.2 IBC System 100
6.2.1 System structure 100
6.2.2 DBPSK modulation and demodulation 101
6.3 Transmitter and Receiver Design 102
6.3.1 Transmitter circuit 102
6.3.2 Receiver circuit 103
6.3.3 Electrodes design 107
6.4 Experiments and Discussion 107
6.4.1 Experiment device 107
6.4.2 Influence of carrier frequency 108
6.4.3 Influence of baseband frequency 109
6.4.4 Influence of signal transmission path 110
6.5 Conclusions 112
References 112
7．Conclusions and Future Outlook 114
7.1 Summary of Intra-Body Communication 114
7.2 Future Research 115
7.3 Future Applications of IBC 116
References 117