Brief Contents 2
1 Introduction to Psychology 2
MODULE 1 Psychologists at Work 5
MODULE 2 A Science Evolves:The Past,the Present,and the Future 15
MODULE 3 Research in Psychology 27
MODULE 4 Research Challenges:Exploring the Process 41
2 Neuroscience and Behavior 50
MODULE 5 Neurons:The Basic Elements of Behavior 53
MODULE 6 The Nervous System and the Endocrine System:Communicating Within the Body 63
MODULE 7 The Brain 71
3 Sensation and Perception 90
MODULE 8 Sensing the World Around Us 93
MODULE 9 Vision:Shedding Light on the Eye 97
MODULE 10 Hearing and the Other Senses 107
MODULE 11 Perceptual Organization:Constructing Our View of the World 121
4 States of Consciousness 138
MODULE 12 Sleep and Dreams 141
MODULE 13 Hypnosis and Meditation 155
MODULE 14 Drug Use:The Highs and Lows of Consciousness 161
5 Learning 176
MODULE 15 Classical Conditioning 179
MODULE 16 Operant Conditioning 187
MODULE 17 Cognitive-Social Approaches to Learning 201
6 Memory 212
MODULE 18 Encoding,Storage,and Retrieval of Memory 215
MODULE 19 Recalling Long-Term Memories 229
MODULE 20 Forgetting:When Memory Fails 239
7 Thinking,Language,and Intelligence 248
MODULE 21 Thinking 251
MODULE 22 Language 265
MODULE 23 Intelligence 275
8 Motivation and Emotion 298
MODULE 24 Explaining Motivation 301
MODULE 25 Human Needs and Motivation:Eat,Drink,and Be Daring 309
MODULE 26 Understanding Emotional Experiences 323
9 Development 336
MODULE 27 Nature,Nurture,and Prenatal Development 339
MODULE 28 Infancy and Childhood 349
MODULE 29 Adolescence:Becoming an Adult 367
MODULE 30 Adulthood 377
10 Personality 390
MODULE 31 Psychodynamic Approaches to Personality 393
MODULE 32 Other Major Approaches to Personality:In Search of Human Uniqueness 401
MODULE 33 Assessing Personality:Determining What Makes Us Special 413
11 Health Psychology:Stress,Coping,and Well-Being 422
MODULE 34 Stress and Coping 425
MODULE 35 Psychological Aspects of Illness and Well-Being 437
MODULE 36 Promoting Health and Wellness 445