CONTENTS 1
PART1 ELECTRONICS 1
1 Electrical Measuring Instruments 1
1.1 SAFETY PRECAUTION 1
1.2 BASIC METER CONSTRUCTION AND OPERATION 2
1.3 USE OF MEASURING INSTRUMENT 5
2 Fundamentals of Solid-State Power Device 19
2.1 INTRODUCTION 19
2.2 SOLID-STATE POWER DEVICES 19
2.3 POWER SEMICONDUCTOR CAPABILITIES 25
2.4 PHYSICAL CHARACTERISTICS OF POWER SEMICONDUCTORS 26
2.5 COMMUTATION 28
2.6 SUMMARY 32
3 Analog Electronics 37
3.1 INTRODUCTION 37
3.2 OPERATIONAL-AMPLIFIER CIRCUITS 40
4 Digital Electronics 56
4.1 ThE DIGITAL IDEA 56
4.2 ASYNCHRONOUS DIGITAL SYSTEMS 64
4.3 SEQUENTIAL DIGITAL SYSTEMS 68
PART 2 ELECTRICAL MACHINE,CONTROL COMPONENT AND SENSOR5 Introduction to Electrical Machines 81
5.1 BRIEF HISTORY OF ELECTRICAL MACHINES 81
5.2 BASIC CONSTRUCTION OF ELECTRICAL MACHINES 83
5.3 CONSTRUCTION FEATURES OF ELECTRICAL MACHINES 85
6 DC Motor and Induction Motor 96
6.1 TYPES OF DC MOTORS 96
6.2 DC MOTOR ANALYSIS 101
6.3 DC MOTOR SPEED-TORQUE CHARACTERISTICS 103
6.4 THREE-PHASE INDUCTION MOTOR 109
6.5 INDUCTION MOTOR TORQUE-SPEED CHARACTERISTICS 111
7 Electrical Machine Control Systems 120
7.1 CONTROL SYMBOLS 120
7.2 MACHINE CONTROL WITH SWITCHES 120
7.3 CONTROL EQUIPMENT FOR ELECTRICAL MACHINES 124
7.4 MOTOR STARTING SYSTEMS 131
7.5 FORWARD AND REVERSE CONTROL 138
7.6 DYNAMIC BRAKING 140
8 Control Sensors 145
8.1 INTRODUCTIN 145
8.2 SENSORS AND TRANSDUCERS 147
8.3 ANALOG SENSORS FOR MOTION MEASUREMENT 149
8.4 DIGITAL TRANSDUCERS 154
PART 3 COMPUTER CONTROL TECHNIQUES 166
9 Introduction of Computernets 166
9.1 USES OF COMPUTER NETWORKS 169
9.2 NETWORK HARDWARE 175
9.3 NETWORK SOFTWARE 187
9.4 EXAMPLE NETWORKS 203
10 Introduction of Programmable Controller 224
10.1 HISTORY 224
10.2 BASIC CONCEPTS 226
10.3 GENERAL APPLICATION AREAS 227
10.4 OPERATING ENVIRONMENT CONSIDERATIONS 232
10.5 DEDICATED MICROPROCESSOR BASED SYSTEM—A CONTRAST 235
10.6 PERSONAL COMPUTER IMPLICATIONS 236
10.7 FACTORY AUTOMTION AND PROGRAMMABLE CONTROLLERS 238
11.1 THE CENTRAL PROCESSING UNIT 242
11 Foundation of PLC 242
11.2 INSTALLATION AND MAINTENANCE 256
11.3 APPLICATIONS 262
PART 4 AUTOMATIC CONTROL SYSTEMS 274
12 Electrical Distribution 274
12.1 PRIMARY DISTRIBUTION SYSTEMS 274
12.2 CONSUMER DISTRIBUTION SYSTEMS 275
12.3 GROUNDING OF ELECTRICAL SYSTEMS 282
12.4 GROUNDING OF ELECTRICAL EQUIPMENT 283
12.5 GROUND-FAULT PROTECTION 283
12.6 THREE-PHASE SYSTEMS 285
12.7 HARMONIC EFFECT OF FLUORESCENT LIGHTING FIXTURES 287
13.1 INTRODUCTION 291
13 Introduction to Control Engineering 291
13.2 DEFINITIONS 294
13.3 THE POSITION-CONTROL SYSTEMS 298
13.4 PROCESS-CONTROL SYSTEMS 302
13.5 AUTONOMIC CONTROL SYSTEMS 305
13.6 REASONS WHY CONTROL SYSTEMS ARE PREFERRED TO HUMAN OPERATIONS 306
13.7 CONCLUDING REMARKS 307
14 Speed Control of DC Motor 312
14.1 REGULATORATOR SYSTEMS 312
14.2 ELECTRICAL BRAKING 312
14.3 DC MOTOR SPEED CONTROL 314
14.4 A SINGLE-QUADRANT SPEED CONTROL SYSTEM USING THYRISTORS 315
14.5 PROTECTION CIRCUITS OR LIMITING CIRCUITS 318
14.6 THE CLOSED-LOOP WARD-LEONARD METHOD OF SPEED CONTROL 319
14.7 TYPES OF PHASE-CONTROLIED THYRISTOR DC DRIVES 323
14.8 DUAL-CONVERTER DRIVE 325
14.9 COMPUTER MONITORING OF SPEED PROFILE 328
14.10 PULSE-WIDTH MODULATION SPEED CONTROL OF DC MOTORS 330
15 Frequency Controls for AC Motors 334
15.1 ADJUSTABLE-FREQUENCY CONCEPTS 334
15.2 TERMINOLOGY 336
15.3 PWM VERSUS AVI VERSUS CSI 337
15.4 PERFORMANCE COMPARISONS OF PWM,AVI,AND CSI 340
15.5 APPLICATIONS OF GENERAL-PURPOSE INVERTERS 342