Chapter Ⅰ．Definition and Scope 1
A．What Is a Product? 1
B．What Is a Defect? 3
1．In General 3
2．Types of Defect and Their Interrelation 5
3．Conceptual Standards for Determining Defectiveness 10
a．In General 10
b．Consumer Expectations 11
c．Presumed Seller Knowledge 14
d．Risk-Utility Balancing 15
e．State of the Art 21
f．Unavoidably Unsafe Products 22
4．Defect and Unreasonable Danger 27
5．THe Restatement 3d Position 29
C．What Is a Sale? 31
A．Historical Evolution—The Breakdown of Privity 34
Chapter Ⅱ．The Causes of Action and Damages 34
B．Negligence 37
C．Statutory Violations 41
D．Reckless Misconduct,Concealment and Deceit 43
E．Strict Liability 46
1．In General 46
2．Implied Obligations 48
a．The Warranty of Merchantability 48
b．The Warranty of Fitness for a Par-ticular Purpose 51
c．Strict Tort Products Liability 53
d．Abnormal Danger 55
3．Misrepresentation 59
a．Express Warranty 59
b．Strict Tort 62
F．Overlapping Bases of Liability 65
G．Damages 69
1．In General 69
2．Emotional Distress 71
3．Punitive Damages 73
4．Joint and Several Liability 78
Chapter Ⅲ．The Parties 81
A．Plaintiffs 81
B．Defendant Sellers of New Products 84
1．Manufacturers 84
2．Middlemen and Retailers 87
C．Defendant Used-Products Sellers 91
D．Defendant Successor Corporations of Prod-ucts Sellers 92
E．Defendant Lessors,Bailors,and Licensors of Products 96
F．Defendant Employer-Suppliers of Prod-ucts 99
G．Defendant Providers of Services 101
1．In General 101
2．Representational Conduct 103
3．Professional Services 105
4．Pure Service Transactions 108
1．Builder-Vendors 109
H．Defendant Real Estate Suppliers 109
2．Lessors 111
3．Occupiers of Premises 112
I．Contribution and Indemnity 113
1．In General 113
2．Where Grounds of Liability Differ 117
3．The Effect of Settlements 119
Chapter Ⅳ．Factors Affecting Choice of Remedies,Jurisdiction,and Proce-dure 121
A．In General 121
B．Reliance 122
C．Disclaimers and Limitations of Remedies 125
1．In General 125
2．General Requirements 128
a．Conspicuousness and Clarity 128
b．Timeliness 130
c．Fulfillment of Essential Purpose 131
d．Conscionability 132
3．As Affected by the Claims Asserted 134
4．Scope and Effect of Disclaimers 137
D．Recovery of Solely Economic Loss 139
1．The Rule and Its Rationale 139
2．Definitions of Solely Economic Loss 142
3．Exceptions to the Rule 146
E．Notice of Breach 150
F．Wrongful Death 153
G．Procedural Considerations 155
1．Jurisdiction 155
a．Statutory Causes of Action 155
b．Minimum Contacts of the Defen-dant 157
c．Class Actions and Multi-District Litigation 161
2．Inconsistent Verdicts and Erroneous Instructions 164
3．Res Judicata 166
4．Choice of Law 168
H．Statutory Compliance 170
I．Contract Specifications Defense 172
1．Nongovernment Specifications 172
2．Government Specifications 173
J．Statutes of Limitations 176
1．The Applicable Statute 176
2．Date of Accrual 178
3．Tolling Exceptions 182
4．Constitutional Questions 183
K．Statutory Retrenchments 185
Chapter Ⅴ．Production and Design De-fects 188
A．Production Defects 188
B．Design Defects 191
1．The Theory of Liability 191
2．Polycentricity 195
3．The Relation of Design and Warning Defects 198
4．Obviousness of Danger 201
5．Crashworthiness 204
Chapter Ⅵ．Inadequate Warnings and Instructions,and Misrepresenta-tions 207
A．Warnings and Instructions 207
1．In General 207
2．The Standard of Liability 216
3．Persons to be Reached 222
4．Countervailing Representations 226
5．Post-Sale Duties to Warn 228
6．Allergic Users 232
B．Misrepresentations 233
Chapter Ⅶ．Problems of Proof 235
A．Cause-in-Fact 235
1．In General 235
2．Several Possible Causes 242
B．Proximate Cause and Foreseeability 249
1．In General 249
2．Misuse 252
3．Alteration 259
4．Damages 262
C．Plaintiff Misconduct,and Comparative Fault 264
1．The Types of Misconduct 264
2．The Effect of Plaintiff Misconduct in Strict Liability(Without Comparative Fault) 268
3．Comparative Fault 269
a．Kinds of Comparison 269
b．In Strict Liability 275
D．Subsequent Remedial Measures 278
E．Miscellaneous Problems of Proof 285
1．History of Unsafe and Safe Use 285
2．Spoliation 288
3．Expert Testimony 289
4．State of the Art and Industry Custom 293
5．Codes,Reports,and Technical Litera-ture 295
6．Discovery 299
INDEX 303