1.1 Appropriateness 1
Levels of Words 1
Part One Diction 1
Style 4
General Guidelines 5
1.2 Exactness 10
Denotation and Connotation 10
Synonymous Words and Expressions 11
General and Specific Words 11
Abstract and Concrete Words 11
Idioms 12
Figures of Speech 13
The Use of a Dictionary 20
Some Good Dictionaries 20
1.3 Dictionaries 20
Part Two The Sentence 22
2.1 Elements of a Sentence 22
Subject and Predicate 22
Modifiers 22
Coordination and Subordination 23
2.2 Types of Sentences 23
Declarative,Interrogative,Imperative and Exclamatory Sentences 23
Simple,Compound,Complex and Compound-Complex Sentences 24
2.3 Effective Sentences 28
Unity 28
Coherence 29
Conciseness 29
Emphasis 32
Variety 36
Comma Splices and Fused Sentences 43
2.4 Errors and Skills 43
Sentence Fragments 44
Subject-Verb Agreement 45
Pronoun Reference 46
Shifts 48
Faulty Parallel Constructions 51
Mixed and Incomplete Constructions 53
Modifiers 55
Part Three The Paragraph 63
3.1 Introduction to the Paragraph 63
What Is a Paragraph 63
The Function of a Paragraph 63
Length of a Paragraph 63
Basic Elements of the Paragraph 64
Unity 65
3.2 Effective Paragraphs 65
Coherence 72
Completeness 78
3.3 Ways of Developing Paragraphs 87
Development by Description 87
Development by Process 90
Development by Comparison and Contrast 92
Development by Cause and Effect 96
Development by Classification 97
Development by Definition 101
3.4 Steps to Write a Good Paragraph 116
The Prewriting Stage 116
The Writing Stage 117
The Editing Stage 118
4.1 The Writing Process 119
Part Four The Essay 119
What Is Writing 120
What Is Writing Process 120
Five Steps in Writing 120
4.2 The Main Parts of an Essay 124
The Introduction 124
The Body 127
The Conclusion 129
The Outline 130
4.3 Types of Writing 142
Narration 142
Description 150
Exposition 158
Part Five Practical Writing 202
5.1 Writing Letters 202
Personal(or Private)Letters 203
Business Letter Writing 207
5.2 Writing a Résum é 240
The Use of a Resume 240
The Appearance of Your Résumé 240
Parts of a Résumé 241
Styles of a Résumé 245
Howto Write a Perfect Résumé 250
5.3 Everyday Writing 265
Writing Notes 265
Writing Notices 274
Writing and Sending an E-mail 276
Part Six The Research Paper 281
6.1 What Is a Research Paper 281
6.2 Choosing a Suitable Topic 281
6.3 How to Research and Collect Information 282
6.4 How to Analyze the Information and Organize Ideas 283
6.5 Working Out an Outline 284
6.6 Writing the First Draft 285
6.7 Revising the Draft and Finalizing the Paper 287
6.8 Proofreading 289
6.9 The Format of a Research Paper 290
Part Seven Punctuation and Mechanics 292
7.1 Punctuation 292
The Period 292
The Comma 293
The Semicolon 296
The Colon 297
The Question Mark 297
Quotation Marks 298
The Exclamation Point 298
The Apostrophe 299
7.2 Mechanics 302
Italics 303
Syllabification 304
Capitalization 304
Abbreviations 308
Numbers 308
Key to the Exercises 312
Appendixes 343
Ⅰ.Words and Phrases Frequently Used in Letters of Application 343
Ⅰ.Words and Phrases Frequently Used in Letters of Recommendation 349
Ⅱ.Words and Phrases Frequently Used in RésuméWriting 353
Glossary 357
Bibliography 361