PART ONE INTRODUCTION 1
CHAPTER 1 INTRODUCTION TO INTERPRETATION 1
Ⅰ．What Interpretation Means 1
TABLE OF CONTENTS 1
Ⅱ．The Two Most Widely-Used Forms of Interpretation 2
Ⅲ．Prerequisites for Interpretation 3
Ⅳ．Basic Qualities Required of the Interpreter 6
Ⅴ．Dialectical-Materialism in Interpretation:Unity of Accuracy and Smoothness is Our Goal 9
Ⅵ．Genuine Knowledge Comes from Practice 11
Ⅰ．Stressing 13
PART TWO STEPPING-STONE TO COMPE-TENCY IN CONSECUTIVE INTERPRETATION 13
CHAPTER 2 FAMILIARTTY WITH THE STRUCTURE OF SPOKEN ENGLISH 13
Ⅱ．Pronunciation 14
Ⅲ．Intonation 16
Ⅳ．Rhythm 18
Ⅴ．Word Order 19
Ⅵ．Reading Aloud-Drills 1 and 2 20
CHAPTER 3 FAMILIARITY WITH POLITE FORMS IN ENGLISH 22
EX.1 Interpret the Following 80 Sentences 22
Asking Favours 22
Apologizing 24
Complaining 24
Polite Refusal 25
Polite Orders 26
Expressing Disapproval or Objection 27
CHAPTR 4 CONSTANT EXPOSURE IS OF VITAL IMPORTANCE 28
Ⅰ．Our Strong Points and Weak Points 28
Ⅱ．Recognizing and Using the Correct Levels of English 29
Ⅲ．Absorption of Knowledge and Useful Expressions 33
EX.2 A Passage in the Consultative Style(E-C) 35
EX.3 A Passage in the Formal Style(E-C) 35
EX.4 Sight-interpreting an Important Memorandum of Understanding 36
CHAPTER 5 PROPER HANDLING OF IDIOMS0—THREE RULES TO GO BY 40
Ⅰ．Render the Meaning,not Mere Words,in the Light of the Context 40
Ⅱ．Distinguish the Commendatory Term from the Derogatory Term 41
Ⅲ．Do Not Misuse Foreign Idioms in Interpreting 42
EX.5 Interpret the Following Sentences into Chinese,Paying Attention to the Handling of the Idioms Therein 43
EX.6 Interpret the Following Chinese Idioms into 43
English 43
CHAPTER 6 NOTE-TAKING IN INTERPRETING 45
Ⅰ．Two Special Features 45
Ⅱ．Some Practical Hints 46
Ⅲ．Practising Note-taking—Interpreting Procedural Brief for Meetings of the Security Council 49
EX.7 Interpret the Following Parts of Procedural Brief(E-C) 50
EX.8 Interpret the Following Parts of Procedural Brief(C-E) 52
CHAPTER 7 THE INTERPRETING OF FIGURES 53
Ⅰ．Some Practical Difficulties for Chinese Interpreters 53
Ⅱ．Practice Makes Perfect 55
EX.9 Interpretin Figures(C-E)—Practising Notetaking at the Same Time 57
EX.10 Interpreting Figures：Emphasis on Accuracy in Interpreting Dates 57
EX.11 Interpreting Abbreviations—Speeialized Agencies Related to the UN 59
EX.12 Interpreting figures(C-E) 60
EX.13 Interpreting figures(C-E) 61
EX.14 Interpreting figures(E-C)on Sectoral Growth Rates of GDP(Countriesin South Asia) 61
EX.15 Interpreting Figures(C-E)—Facts and Figures on China's Achievements 62
PART THREE PRACTISING CONSECUTIVE INTERPRETATION ON VARIOUS THEMES 64
CHAPTER 8 FEATURES OF PART THREE AND THE BASICS 64
OF INTERPRETATION TECHNIQUES 64
Ⅰ．Basic Features of the 13 Chapters in Part Three 64
Ⅱ．On the Basics of Interpretation Techniques 65
Ⅲ．Weighing C-E and E-C,Consecutive and Simultaneous 67
CHAPTER 9 PROTOCOL ROUTINE 70
EX.16 Background Notes 1:Diplomatic Style Fostered by Premier Zhou(E-C) 70
EX.17 Background Notes 2:Arrival of a Foreign Guest(E-C) 71
EX.18 Meeting a Foreign Guest 72
EX.19 Making Appointment 74
EX.20 Making Appointments,Etc.(C-E) 77
CHAPTER 10 WEATHER AND DINNER PARTIES 82
EX.21 Background Notes 1:The Climate of Beijing(E-C) 82
EX.22 Background Notes 2:On Dinner Parties(E-C) 84
EX.23 Talking about the Weather 85
EX.24 Entertaining Guests at Dinner 87
EX.25 More Dialogues for Consecutive Interpretation(C-E) 90
CHARTER 11 ON CHINA'S AGRICULTURE 95
EX.26 Background Notes 1:A Brief Survey 95
EX.27 Background Notes 2:More Facts＆Figures 96
EX.28 Background Notes 3:Visiting a Rural Houhold 98
EX.29 Briefing on China's Agriculture 99
EX.30 Visiting a Peasant's Home 101
EX.31 Discussions on Modernization of China's Agriculture 103
CHARTER 12 VISITING PLACES OF INTEREST 110
EX.32 Background Notes 1:A Brief Account of History of China 110
EX.33 Background Notes 2:On China's Geography and Ethnic Groups 112
EX.34 Background Notes 3:Expanding Tourism 114
EX.35 A Brief Introduction to Beijing 116
EX.36 Sightseeing Trip to the Great Wall＆Ming Tombs 117
EX.37 Touring the Summer Palace 121
EX.38 Guilin to Yangshuo by Boat 124
EX.39 Initial Diseussion on Environmental Protection 125
CHARTER 13 DAY-TO-DAY CONVERSATION IN DIPLOMATIC SERVICE 131
EX.40 Background Notes 1:Our Principled Stand in International Relations 131
EX.41 Background Notes 2:China Adheres to Her Independent Foreign Policy of Peace 132
EX.42 Background Notes 3:On Peace and Development 133
EX.43 Asking the Foreign Office for Help 134
EX.44 OnOverseas Chinese 135
EX.45 Expressing Regret＆Lodging Protest 137
EX.46 Exchange of Views on Disarmament 138
Issues of Human Rights 140
EX.47 Discussions on Peace Development and on 140
CHARTER 14 ON INTERNATIONAL ECONOMIC RELATIONS AND INTERNATIONAL ECONOMIC COOPERATION 147
EX.48 Background Notes 1:On International Economic Situation＆Establishment of NIEO 147
EX.49 Background Notes 2:On Self-reliance 149
EX.50 Background Notes 3:Our Basic View-points on International Economic Relations(C-E) 150
EX.51 One Session of the Trade Talks(covering also discussions on TNCs and on trade liberalization) 151
EX.52 Talking about Shipping Documents 154
EX.53 Exchangingfor Chinese Money(at a hotel bank) 155
EX.54 Conversation on Income Tax Concerning Foreign Enterprises 157
EX.55 A Briefing on UN/DTCD 159
EX.56 Another Round of Trade Talks 163
EX.57 Background Notes 1:A Brief Survey 165
CHARTER 15 ON CHINA'S INDUSTRIES 165
EX.58 Background Notes 2:40 Years—Facts and Figures 167
EX.59 Background Notes 3:Make Foreign Things Serve China 169
EX.60 Making New Breakthroughs in Reform of State-owned Enterprises(SOEs) 171
EX.61 An Introduction to a Machinery Factory(C-E) 172
EX.62 Discussion at a Factory Reception Room 173
EX.63 A Casual Dialogue between Two Foreign Visitors 175
EX.64 Further Discussion with a Foreign Guest 177
CHARTER 16 DISCUSSIONS ON ART＆LITERATURE 180
EX.65 Background Notes 1:A High Ethical and Cultural Level 180
EX.66 Background Notes 2:Some of Our Guiding Principles 181
EX.67 Background Notes 3:On Policy Matters(C-E) 182
EX.68 Going to a Concert 183
EX.69 On Chinese Painting 186
EX.70 On Music and Dance 186
EX.71 On Chinese Acrobatics 188
EX.72 Discussion on Chinese Arts and Crafts 190
CHARTER 17 VISITING A DIVISION OF PLA＆DISCUSSION ON RELATED MATTERS 193
EX.73 Background Notes 1:A Brief Account of the History of PLA 193
EX.74 Background Notes 2:Strengthen the Modernization of Our National Defence 196
EX.75 A Brief Account of the History of Division 196 197
EX.76 Discussion at the Divisional Headquarters 198
EX.77 Visiting Regiment 587 200
EX.78 Viewing Various Items of Military Training 202
EX.79 Talk by a Visiting Ex-pilot from USA 205
CHARTER 18 ON CHINA'S POLITICAL SYSTEM 208
EX.80 Background Notes 1:On the Constitution of People's Republic of China 208
EX.81 Background Notes 2:On the National People's Congress(NPC) 210
EX.82 Background Notes 3:On the Origin and Function of CPPCC 212
EX.83 Discussion on China's Political System 213
EX.84 On the Rights＆Duties of the Citizens of China 216
EX.85 Background Notes 1:President Jiang on Vital Role of S T at the Turn of the Century 219
CHARTER 19 ON REVITALIZING THE NATION THROUGH SCIENCE AND EDUCATION 219
EX.86 Background Notes 2:On Implementation of the Strategies of Revitalizing the Nation through Science and Education and of Achieving Sustainable Development 220
EX.87 Discussions on the Spark Programme and the Torch Programme of China 222
EX.88 Discussion on China's New＆High Technology 224
CHARTER 20 ON SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT 227
EX.89 Background Notes 1:Implementing the Strategy 227
of Revitalizing the Nation through Science＆Education and the Strategy of Sustainable Development 227
EX.90 Background Notes 2:Development is the Absolute 229
Principle 229
EX.91 Background Notes 3:UNEP Statement on Sustainable Development 230
EX.92 Discussion on Environment and Development 231
EX.93 Discussion on China's Strategy of Sustainable Development 235
EX.94 Jiang Zemin's Statement on International Situation Our Foreign Policy 239
CHARTER 21 ON INTERNATIONAL SITUATION AND CHINA'S FOREIGN POLICY 239
EX.95 Deng Xiaoping on National Sovereignty and Security 241
EX.96 Excerpts from President Jiang Zemin's Speech at the U.N.Special Meeting in Commenmoration of 50th Anniversary of U.N 242
EX.97 On Forging a Good-neighbourly Partnership of Mutual Trust between China and ASEAN 243
EX.98 On China's Relations with Western Countries 246
EX.99 Chinese Premier Congratulating the 30th Anniversary of the Founding of the Group of 77 247
EX.100 Chinese Premier on Cooperation between Asia and Europe 248
CHARTER 22 PROFESSIONAL ETHICS AND EVALUATION 251
Ⅰ．On the Professional Ethics 251
PART FOUR STEPPING-STONE TO COMPETENCY IN SIMULTANEOUS INTERPRETATION 251
Ⅱ．On the Professional Evaluation 252
CHARTER 23 BASICS OF SIMULTANEOUS INTERPRETA-TION TECHNIQUE 255
Ⅰ．Striking a Proper Balance between Listening and Speaking 255
Ⅱ．Rendering the Idea,not Mere Words 256
Ⅲ．Keeping the Situation under Control 258
Ⅳ．Always Analysing the Peculiarities of Transference in Simultaneous Interpretation 260
Ⅴ．Always Trying to be Dialectical in Approach 265
Ⅵ．Samples Showing Application of Basic Simultaneous Interpretation Techniques 277
EX.101 A Sample Speech for Simultaneous Interpreting 278
Ⅰ．The Training Must be Severely Practical 284
PART FIVE PRACTISING SIMULTANEOUS INTERPRETATION 284
CHARTER 24 GENUINE KNOWLEDGE COMES FROM PRACTICE 284
Ⅱ．Setting a Higher Demand on Ourselves 286
Ⅲ．Features of Exercises in Part Five and Suggested Procedure to be Followed 287
CHARTER 25 MORE ON PRACTISING SIGHT-INTERPRETATION 290
Ⅰ．Four Points of Attention for Interpreter-trainees 290
EX.102 Sample Texts for Practising Sight-interpretation,Focusing on Properly Chopping the Sentences into Sense Groups,as Appropriate 292
CHARTER 26 EXERCISES ON USEFUL EXPRESSIONS RELATING TO MEETINGS 295
EX.103 Simultaneous Interpretation of Stock-phrases 295
EX.104 Simultaneous Interpretation of Procedural Matters 298
EX.105 Exercising Right of Reply(by Chinese Delegate) 299
EX.106 Speech in Explanation of Vote(for C-E Simultaneous Interpretation) 300
CHARTER 27 SPEECHES,ETC.ON POLITICAL AND SECURITY MATERS 301
EX.107 Agenda Item:The Situation in the Occupied Arab Territories 301
EX.108 Peace in the Atomic Age—TV Speech by Einstein 304
EX.109 Speech by Chinese Representative 306
EX.110 Speech by Chinese Representative 306
EX.111 Statement by Ministry Spokesman on Protesting Japan's Remarks on Surrounding Situation 307
CHARTER 28 ON ECONOMIC MATTERS 308
EX.112 Speech by Barbados 308
EX.113 Speech on North-South Relations(by UK Delegate) 311
EX.114 Speech by Leader of the Chinese Delegation at Special Session of G.A 313
EX.115 Properly Addressing Globalization—Initial Comments on E/CN.4/Sub.2/1997/9 318
EX.116 Li Peng's Statememt at 1997 Annual Meeting of World Bank and IM 320
CHARTER 29 SPEECHES,ETC.ON SCIENTIFIC MATTERS 325
EX.117 Role of Science Technology in Development 325
EX 118 A Talk on Computers 327
EX.119 Speech by Chinese Delegate 329
EX.120 The Use of Atoms 330
EX.121 History of China's S＆T Progress 332
EX.122 Main Contents of Provisional Agenda 334
CHARTER 30 LEGAL MATTERS RELATING TO U.N.ACTIVITIES 334
EX.123 Progress Report on Treaty-Making 337
EX.124 On Combating International Terrorism 340
EX.125 Views on D.1/CP.3 of FCCC Convention 341
CHARTER 31 GLOBAL ENVIRONMENT AND DEVELOPMENT 343
EX.126 Adoption of the Preamble to Agenda 21 343
EX.127 On Global Environment and Development 345
EX.128 UNGA Statement of Commitment 352
EX.129 Speech by Minister Chen Yaobang(at COP3) 354
EX.130 Speech by Dr.Song Jian at the UNGA Special Session 357
Chapter 32 STRIVE FOR COMPETENCY BOTH IN CONSECUTIVE AND IN SIMULTANEOUS 365
KEY TO EX.1 365
PART SIX KEY TO THE INTERPRETATION EXERCISES 365
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POSTSCRIPT 634
Appendix.A Brief Chinese Chronology 635