UNIT 1 THE LEGAL SYSTEM 1
Reading：Bodies of law 1
Types of laws 3
Speaking 1：Explaining what a law says 4
Types of courts 5
Speaking 2：Civil court systems 6
Persons in court 6
Listening：Documents in court 7
Writing：Paraphrasing in plain language 8
Language Focus 10
Legal Latin 10
Translation Skills 11
Repetition 11
UNIT 2 LEGAL EDUCATION AND PROFESSION 15
Reading：Legal education—a call to the Bar 15
A lawyer's curriculum vitae 16
Listening 1：Law firm structure 17
Listening 2：Practice areas 18
Speaking and Writing：Describing a law firm and its practice areas 19
Language Focus 20
Translation Skills 21
Omission 21
UNIT 3 CONSTITUTIONAL LAW 25
Reading：Introduction to constitutional law 25
Key terms：Principles of the constitutional law 27
Text analysis：The 13 enduring constitutional issues 27
Listening：The Bill of Rights 29
Speaking：Public speaking skills 30
Writing：Writing a classroom constitution 30
Language Focus 32
Translation Skills 33
Addition 33
UNIT 4 COMPANY LAW：Company Formation and Management 37
Reading 1：Introduction to company law 37
Key terms：Roles in company management 39
Listening：Company formation 40
Speaking：Informal presentation—a type of company 42
Reading 2：Corporate governance 43
Text analysis：A letter of advice 45
Writing：A letter of advice 46
Language Focus 47
Translation Skills 48
Translation of words(1) 48
UNIT 5 COMPANY LAW：Capitalisation 51
Reading 1：Introduction to company capitalisation 51
Key terms：Shares 52
Listening：A rights issue 53
Reading 2：Shareholders and supervisory boards 54
Understanding legalese 57
Speaking：Paraphrasing and expressing opinions 58
Writing：Summarising 59
Language Focus 60
Translation Skills 62
Translation of words(2) 62
UNIT 6 COMPANY LAW：Fundamental Changes in a Company 65
Reading 1：Introduction to changes in companies 65
Key terms：Opposing concepts in company law 66
Listening：Explaining legal aspects of an acquisition 67
Text analysis：Beginning a presentation 68
Reading 2：Spin-offs 69
Speaking：Presenting a spin-off 70
Writing：Standard phrases for opening and closing letters and emails 71
Language Focus 74
Case Study 76
The facts of the case 76
Task 1：Speaking 76
Task 2：Writing 77
Translation Skills 78
Conversion of word classes 78
UNIT 7 CONTRACT LAW：Contract Formation 83
Reading 1：Introduction to contract formation 83
Key terms：Defenses to contract formation 84
Text analysis：Understanding contracts 85
Listening：Contract negotiation 86
Speaking：Negotiating expressions 86
Writing：An informative memo 87
Language Focus 89
Translation Skills 90
Translation of the passive 90
UNIT 8 CONTRACT LAW：Remedies 93
Reading 1：Introduction to contract remedies 93
Key terms：Types of damages 95
Listening：Remedies 95
Speaking：Initial interview with a client 97
Writing：Follow-up correspondence to a client 101
Language Focus 103
Translation Skills 104
Translation of adjective clauses(1) 104
UNIT 9 CONTRACT LAW：Assignment and Third-Party Rights 107
Reading 1：Introduction to contract assignation 107
Key terms：Contracts 109
Speaking：Explaining third-party rights 110
Listening：Preparing a lawsuit and developing an argument 110
Reading 2：A closing argument 111
Text analysis：Persuasive writing and speaking 113
Writing：Memo giving advice 114
Language Focus 114
Case Study 116
The facts of the case 116
Task 1：Speaking 116
Task 2：Writing 117
Translation Skills 118
Translation of adjective clauses(2) 118
UNIT 10 EMPLOYMENT LAW 123
Reading 1：Introduction to employment law 123
Key terms：Employment 125
Listening 1：An employment tribunal claim 125
Writing 1：Attachments and formality 127
Reading 2：Unfair dismissal 128
Listening 2：Liability risks 131
Writing 2：Advising on advantages and disadvantages in an email 132
Language Focus 134
Translation Skills 136
Conversion of perspectives 136
Keys 139
Listening Transcripts 163